Implantable neural electrode devices are important tools for neuroscience research and have an increasing range of clinical applications. However, the intricacies biological response after implantation, their ultimate impact on recording performance, remain challenging to elucidate. Establishing a relationship between neurobiology chronic performance is confounded by technical challenges related traditional electrophysiological, material, histological limitations. This can greatly...

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects alginate composition on neurotrophic factor release, viability, and proliferation encapsulated neural stem cells (NSCs), as well mechanical stability scaffold itself. Four compositions were tested: a high guluronic acid (68%) mannuronic (54%) content alginate, with or without poly-L-lysine (PLL) coating layer. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay used quantify release brain-derived factor, glial-derived nerve growth from cells. All three...

Abstract Diamond possesses many favorable properties for biochemical sensors, including biocompatibility, chemical inertness, resistance to biofouling, an extremely wide potential window, and low double-layer capacitance. The hardness of diamond, however, has hindered its applications in neural implants due the mechanical property mismatch between diamond soft nervous tissues. Here, we present a flexible, diamond-based microelectrode probe consisting multichannel boron-doped polycrystalline...

Intracortical brain interfaces are an ever evolving technology with growing potential for clinical and research applications. The chronic tissue response to these devices traditionally has been characterized by glial scarring, inflammation, oxidative stress, neuronal loss, blood-brain barrier disruptions. full complexity of the implanted is still under investigation.

Abstract Study of the foreign body reaction to implanted electrodes in brain is an important area research for future development neuroprostheses and experimental electrophysiology. After electrode implantation brain, microglial activation, reactive astrogliosis, neuronal cell death create environment immediately surrounding that significantly altered from its homeostatic state. Objective. To uncover physiological changes potentially affecting device function longevity, spatial...

Abstract Alginate is a commonly used biomedical hydrogel whose in vivo degradation behavior only beginning to be understood. The use of alginate the central nervous system gaining popularity as an electrode coating, cell encapsulation matrix, and for duraplasty. However, it necessary understand how will behave aid development neural interface material. goal current study was compare rheological explanted disks inflammatory response subcutaneously implanted hydrogels over 3‐month period....

Abstract Fast‐scan cyclic voltammetry (FSCV) is a popular approach for real‐time neurochemical sensing. Using carbon‐fiber microelectrode (CFME), sensitive sensing can be achieved in the acute setting with sub‐second resolution monoamine neurotransmitters. However, to study neuropsychiatric conditions and neurological functions, it often of interest perform longitudinal monitoring neurotransmitters over chronic timepoints. Despite notable successes, there remains substantial room improvement...

Neural prosthetics capable of recording or stimulating neuronal activity may restore function for patients with motor and sensory deficits resulting from injury degenerative disease. However, overcoming inconsistent quality stability in chronic applications remains a significant challenge. A likely reason this is the reactive tissue response to devices following implantation into brain, which characterized by loss glial encapsulation. We have developed neural stem cell-seeded probe...

The influence of membrane cholesterol content on a variety ion channel conductances in numerous cell models has been shown, but studies exploring its role auditory hair physiology are scarce. Recent evidence shows that depletion affects outer electromotility and the voltage-gated potassium currents underlying tall development, effects major ionic governing excitability unknown. We investigated cholesterol-depleting agent (methyl beta cyclodextrin, MβCD) channels necessary for early stages...

Innovation in electrode design has produced a myriad of new and creative strategies for interfacing the nervous system with softer, less invasive, more broadly distributed sites high spatial resolution. However, despite rapid growth use implanted arrays research clinical applications, there are no accepted guiding principles biocompatible chronic recording interfaces central (CNS). Studies suggest that architecture flexibility devices play important roles determining effective tissue...

High-density on-chip electrochemical biosensor arrays are advancing toward a crucial role in health monitoring and development of new medicines medical treatments. Nanopore ion channel based sensors especially have great potential but present demanding resolution/speed/power/area requirements on instrumentation circuits. This paper presents pixel-level current readout circuit group-cluster architecture to address the challenges high-performance arrays. Fabricated 0.5 μm CMOS, this...

Microelectrode arrays implanted in the brain are increasingly used for research and treatment of intractable neurological disease. However, local neuronal loss glial encapsulation known to interfere with effective integration communication between devices tissue, where these observations typically based on assessments broad astroglial markers. both neurons astrocytes comprise heterogeneous cellular populations that can be further divided into subclasses unique functional morphological...

Neurotransmitter release is important to study in order better understand neurological diseases and treatment approaches. Serotonin a neurotransmitter known play key roles the etiology of neuropsychiatric disorders. Fast-scan cyclic voltammetry (FSCV) has enabled detection neurochemicals, including serotonin, on sub-second timescale via well-established carbon fiber microelectrode (CFME). However, poor chronic stability biofouling, i.e., adsorption interferent proteins electrode surface upon...

Neurochemical sensing with implantable microelectrodes has created multiple research opportunities in the field of neuroscience. The ability to record extracellular biopotentials and detect neurotransmitters high sensitivity enabled deeper understanding brain nervous system function. Diamond many advantages over other electrode materials such as good biocompatibility, wide potential window, low double-layer capacitance, long-term stability, resistance corrosion/fouling, fabrication...

Devices capable of recording or stimulating neuronal signals have created new opportunities to understand normal physiology and treat sources pathology in the brain. However, it is possible that tissue response implanted electrodes may influence nature detected stimulated. In this study, we characterized structural functional changes deep layer pyramidal neurons surrounding silicon polyimide-based motor cortex rats. were captured 300 µm-thick slices collected at 1 6 week time point...

ConspectusImplantable neurotechnology enables monitoring and stimulating of the brain signals responsible for performing cognitive, motor, sensory tasks. Electrode arrays implanted in are increasingly used clinic to treat a variety sources neurological diseases injuries. However, implantation foreign body typically initiates tissue response characterized by physical disruption vasculature neuropil as well initiation inflammation induction reactive glial states. Likewise, electrical...

Fast-scan cyclic voltammetry (FSCV) is an electrochemical sensing technique that can be used for neurochemical with high spatiotemporal resolution. Carbon fiber microelectrodes (CFMEs) are traditionally as FSCV sensors. However, CFMEs prone to fouling caused by oxidative byproducts of repeated serotonin (5-HT) exposure, which makes them less suitable chronic 5-HT Our team developing a boron-doped diamond microelectrode (BDDME) has previously been shown relatively resistant protein adsorption...

Abstract Microelectrode arrays designed to map and modulate neuronal circuitry have enabled greater understanding treatment of neurological injury disease. Reliable detection activity over time is critical for the successful application chronic recording devices. Here, we assess device-related plasticity by exploring local changes in ion channel expression their relationship device performance time. We investigated four voltage-gated channels (Kv1.1, Kv4.3, Kv7.2, Nav1.6) based on roles...

Ultrasmall microelectrode arrays have the potential to improve spatial resolution of microstimulation. Carbon fiber (CF) microelectrodes with cross-sections less than 8 μm been demonstrated penetrate cortical tissue and evoke minimal scarring in chronic implant tests. In this study, we investigate stability performance neural stimulation electrodes comprised electrodeposited platinum-iridium (PtIr) on carbon fibers. We conducted pulse testing characterized charge injection vitro recorded...