A5072485658- Avian ecology and behavior
- Colorectal Cancer Screening and Detection
- Species Distribution and Climate Change
- Wildlife Ecology and Conservation
- Climate variability and models
- Ecology and Vegetation Dynamics Studies
- Gastric Cancer Management and Outcomes
- Marine animal studies overview
- Global Cancer Incidence and Screening
- Plant and animal studies
- Genetic factors in colorectal cancer
- Diverticular Disease and Complications
- Animal Behavior and Reproduction
- Genetic diversity and population structure
- Rangeland and Wildlife Management
- Plant Ecology and Taxonomy Studies
- Arctic and Antarctic ice dynamics
- Genetic and phenotypic traits in livestock
- Bird parasitology and diseases
- Fish Ecology and Management Studies
- Isotope Analysis in Ecology
- Animal Ecology and Behavior Studies
- Colorectal Cancer Surgical Treatments
- Mercury impact and mitigation studies
- Colorectal and Anal Carcinomas
United States Geological Survey
2017-2024
U.S. Geological Survey, Alaska Science Center
2020-2024
Exact Sciences (United States)
2019-2022
Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center
2018-2021
Kansas State University
2015-2020
Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center
2020
Allan Wilson Centre
2012-2015
University of Otago
2011-2015
University of Alaska Fairbanks
2010-2011
Anthropogenic subsidies are used by a variety of predators in areas developed for human use or residence. If promote population growth, these can have negative effect on local prey species. The Glaucous Gull (Larus hyperboreus) is an abundant predator northern Alaska that believed to benefit from garbage as supplemental food source, but this supposition has never been tested. In summer 2008 and 2009, we recorded the Gull's diet reproduction at 10 breeding colonies Alaska. Colonies were...
Abstract Preserving allelic diversity is important because it provides the capacity for adaptation and thus enables long‐term population viability. Allele retention difficult to predict in animals with overlapping generations, so we used a new computer model simulate of rare alleles small populations 3 species contrasting life‐history traits: North Island Brown Kiwi (Apteryx mantelli; monogamous, long‐lived), Robins (Petroica longipes; short‐lived), red deer (Cervus elaphus; polygynous,...
Seasonal declines in breeding performance are widespread wild animals, resulting from temporal changes environmental conditions or individual variation. might drive selection for early breeding, with implications other stages of the annual cycle. Alternatively, on phenology nonbreeding could constrain timing season and lead to seasonal reproductive performance. We studied 25 taxa migratory shorebirds (including five subspecies) at 16 arctic sites Russia, Alaska, Canada. investigated four...
Geolocators are useful for tracking movements of long-distance migrants, but potential negative effects on birds have not been well studied. We tested geolocators (0.8–2.0 g total, representing 0.1–3.9 % mean body mass) 16 species migratory shorebirds, including five with 2–4 subspecies each a total 23 study taxa. Study spanned range sizes (26–1091 g) and eight genera, were tagged at breeding nonbreeding sites. compared performance return rates to control groups while controlling confounding...
Abstract Responses to climate change can vary across functional groups and trophic levels, leading a temporal decoupling of interactions or “phenological mismatches.” Despite growing number single‐species studies that identified phenological mismatches as nearly universal consequence change, we have limited understanding the spatial variation in intensity this phenomenon what influences variation. In study, tested for geographic patterns between six species shorebirds their invertebrate prey...
Semipalmated Sandpiper (Calidris pusilla) populations have undergone significant declines at core nonbreeding sites in northeastern South America. Breeding also declined the eastern North American Arctic, but appear to be stable or increasing central and western Arctic. To identify vulnerable sites, we documented migratory connectivity of Sandpipers using light-level geolocators, deploying 250 8 Arctic across species' breeding range from 2011 2015, plus 87 a single wintering site Brazil 2013...
Objective To determine cross-sectional adherence with the multi-target stool DNA test used for colorectal cancer screening in a large, fully insured Medicare population. Methods All patients aged 65–85 valid order from 1 September 2016 to 31 August 2017 identified Exact Sciences Laboratories (Madison, WI; sole-source national provider) database were evaluated adherence. Cross-sectional adherence, defined as completion within 365 days date, was analyzed overall and by time well available...
Recommended colorectal cancer screening modalities vary with respect to safety, efficacy, and cost. Better understanding of the factors that influence patient preference is, therefore, critical for improving population adherence screening. To address this knowledge gap, we conducted a panel survey focused on three commonly utilized options [fecal immunochemical test or guaiac-based fecal occult blood (FIT/gFOBT), multi-target stool DNA (mt-sDNA) test, colonoscopy] national sample U.S....
ABSTRACT Samples such as regurgitated pellets and food remains have traditionally been used in studies of bird diets, but these can produce biased estimates depending on the digestibility different foods. Stable isotope analysis has developed a method for assessing diets that is not by digestibility. These two methods may provide complementary or conflicting information birds, are rarely compared directly. We analyzed carbon nitrogen stable ratios feathers Glaucous Gull (Larus hyperboreus)...
Many Arctic shorebird populations are declining, and quantifying adult survival the effects of anthropogenic factors is a crucial step toward better understanding population dynamics. We used recently developed, spatially explicit Cormack–Jolly–Seber model in Bayesian framework to obtain broad-scale estimates true annual rates for 6 species shorebirds at 9 breeding sites across North American 2010–2014. tested environmental ecological variables, study site, nest fate, sex on each framework,...
The Arctic is experiencing rapidly warming conditions, increasing predator abundance, and diminishing population cycles of keystone species such as lemmings. However, it still not known how many animals will respond to a changing climate with altered trophic interactions. We studied clutch size, incubation duration nest survival 17 taxa Arctic‐breeding shorebirds at 16 field sites over 7 years. predicted that physiological benefits higher temperatures earlier snowmelt would increase...
Colorectal cancer (CRC) screening continues to be underutilized in the United States. A better understanding of existing barriers is critical for improving uptake of, and adherence to, CRC screening. Using data from a population-based panel survey, we examined utilization three commonly used options (FIT/gFOBT, mt-sDNA, colonoscopy) assessed differences by socio-demographic characteristics, healthcare access, health status. Data were obtained questionnaire developed authors implemented...
Abstract Biological impacts of climate change are exemplified by shifts in phenology. As the timing breeding advances, within‐season relationships between and reproductive traits may cause long‐term changes population mean value traits. We investigated patterns clutch size, egg volume, incubation duration, daily nest survival three shorebird species two decades. Based on previously known assuming a warming trend, we hypothesized that initiation would advance decades be coupled with increases...
Inbreeding depression, the reduced fitness of offspring related individuals, is a central theme in evolutionary biology. effects are influenced by genetic makeup population, which driven any history bottlenecks and drift. The Chatham Island black robin represents case extreme inbreeding following two severe population bottlenecks. We tested whether measured 20-year pedigree predicted variation among despite high mean level low diversity this species. found that paternal maternal fledgling...
A basic question concerning the monarch butterflies' fall migration is which monarchs succeed in reaching overwintering sites Mexico, fail—and why. We document timing and pace of migration, ask whether sun's position sky associated with affects success completing migration. Using data from Monarch Watch tagging program, we explore daily maximum vertical angle sun above horizon (Sun Angle at Solar Noon, SASN) or other processes are more likely to explain From 1998 2015, than 1.38 million were...
Abstract Conservation status and management priorities are often informed by population trends. Trend estimates can be derived from surveys or models, but both methods associated with sources of uncertainty. Many Arctic-breeding shorebirds thought to declining based on migration and/or overwintering surveys, data lacking estimate the trends some shorebird species. In addition, for most species, little is known about stage(s) at which bottlenecks occur, such as breeding vs. nonbreeding...
Abstract Preserving genetic health is an important aspect of species conservation. Allelic diversity particularly to conserve, as it provides capacity for adaptation and thus enables long‐term population viability. Allele retention difficult predict beyond one generation real populations with complex demography life‐history traits, so we developed a computer model simulate allele in small populations. A llele R etain individual‐based implemented r can be applied assess management options...
Steep declines in North American monarch butterfly (Danaus plexippus) populations have prompted continent-wide conservation efforts. While monitoring efforts existed for years, we lack a comprehensive approach to population vital rates integrated with habitat quality inform adaptive management and effective strategies. Building geographically ecologically representative dataset of monarchs their will improve these These data help track long-term changes the distribution abundance habitats,...
Abstract Accurately measuring nest survival is challenging because nests must be discovered to monitored, but are typically not found on the first day of nesting interval. Studies therefore often monitor a sample that overrepresents older nests. To account for this sampling bias, daily rate (DSR) estimated and then used calculate end However, estimates DSR (and thus survival) can still biased if changes with age at 0. Including as covariate carefully considering method estimating prevent...
Glaucous gulls (Larus hyperboreus) are major predators in the Arctic and may benefit from human development. We studied use of garbage by glaucous Barrow, Alaska, 2007, when municipal waste was disposed a landfill, 2008, it incinerated. In both years, diet samples breeding adult contained less than those loafing nonbreeding (mostly subadults four years), possibly because colony more distant many sites landfills. Although gull showed no change, regurgitated pellets food remains significantly...
Biologists and environmental scientists now routinely solve computational problems that were unimaginable a generation ago. Examples include processing geospatial data, analyzing -omics running large-scale simulations. Conventional desktop computing cannot handle these tasks when they are large, high-performance is not always available nor the most appropriate solution for all computationally intense problems. High-throughput (HTC) one method handling research. In contrast to computing,...
Abstract Community science is an increasingly integral part of biodiversity research and monitoring, often achieving broad spatial temporal coverage but lower sampling intensity than studies conducted by professional scientists. When designing a community‐science monitoring programme, careful assessment designs that could be both feasible successful at meeting programme goals essential. Monarch butterflies ( Danaus plexippus ) are the focus several projects in U.S., broader needed to monitor...