Werner L. Kutsch
A5042352276- Atmospheric and Environmental Gas Dynamics
- Plant Water Relations and Carbon Dynamics
- Climate variability and models
- Peatlands and Wetlands Ecology
- Soil Carbon and Nitrogen Dynamics
- Ecology and Vegetation Dynamics Studies
- Plant responses to elevated CO2
- Forest ecology and management
- Remote Sensing in Agriculture
- Atmospheric chemistry and aerosols
- Botany and Plant Ecology Studies
- Fire effects on ecosystems
- Climate change impacts on agriculture
- Tree-ring climate responses
- Soil and Unsaturated Flow
- Hydrology and Watershed Management Studies
- Scientific Computing and Data Management
- Research Data Management Practices
- Forest Management and Policy
- Species Distribution and Climate Change
- Plant Ecology and Soil Science
- Coastal wetland ecosystem dynamics
- Land Use and Ecosystem Services
- Atmospheric Ozone and Climate
- Soil and Water Nutrient Dynamics
Integrated Carbon Observation System
2015-2024
University of Helsinki
2015-2021
University of Nebraska–Lincoln
2018
Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier
2018
Institute of Agrophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences
2018
Mediterranean Center for Environmental Studies
2018
Joint Research Centre
2018
Johann Heinrich von Thünen-Institut
2010-2017
Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry
2004-2016
Christian Aid
2011
Abstract. Eddy covariance technique to measure CO2, water and energy fluxes between biosphere atmosphere is widely spread used in various regional networks. Currently more than 250 eddy sites are active around the world measuring carbon exchange at high temporal resolution for different biomes climatic conditions. In this paper a new standardized set of corrections introduced uncertainties associated with these assessed eight forest Europe total 12 yearly datasets. The on two components GPP...
[1] We upscaled FLUXNET observations of carbon dioxide, water, and energy fluxes to the global scale using machine learning technique, model tree ensembles (MTE). trained MTE predict site-level gross primary productivity (GPP), terrestrial ecosystem respiration (TER), net exchange (NEE), latent (LE), sensible heat (H) based on remote sensing indices, climate meteorological data, information land use. applied MTEs generate flux fields at a 0.5° × spatial resolution monthly temporal from 1982...
Summary This paper presents CO 2 flux data from 18 forest ecosystems, studied in the European Union funded EUROFLUX project. Overall, mean annual gross primary productivity (GPP, total amount of carbon (C) fixed during photosynthesis) these forests was 1380 ± 330 gC m −2 y −1 (mean ±SD). On average, 80% GPP respired by autotrophs and heterotrophs released back into atmosphere (total ecosystem respiration, TER = 1100 260 ). Mean soil respiration (SR) 760 340 (55% 69% TER). Among investigated...
Abstract Terrestrial ecosystems sequester 2.1 Pg of atmospheric carbon annually. A large amount the terrestrial sink is realized by forests. However, considerable uncertainties remain regarding fate this over both short and long timescales. Relevant data to address these are being collected at many sites around world, but syntheses still sparse. To facilitate future synthesis activities, we have assembled a comprehensive global database for forest ecosystems, which includes budget variables...
We use eddy covariance measurements of net ecosystem productivity (NEP) from 21 FLUXNET sites (153 site-years data) to investigate relationships between phenology and (in terms both NEP gross photosynthesis, GEP) in temperate boreal forests. Results are used evaluate the plausibility four different conceptual models. Phenological indicators were derived time series, remote sensing examine spatial patterns (across sites) temporal years); an important conclusion is that it likely neither these...
Abstract The European CARBOEUROPE/FLUXNET monitoring sites, spatial remote sensing observations via the EOS‐MODIS sensor and ecosystem modelling provide independent complementary views on effect of 2003 heatwave biosphere's productivity carbon balance. In our analysis, these data streams consistently demonstrate a strong negative anomaly primary during summer 2003. FLUXNET eddy‐covariance indicate that drop in was not primarily caused by high temperatures (‘heat stress’) but rather...
Abstract Estimates of carbon leaching losses from different land use systems are few and their contribution to the net ecosystem balance is uncertain. We investigated dissolved organic (DOC), inorganic (DIC), methane (CH 4 ), at forests, grasslands, croplands across Europe. Biogenic contributions DIC were estimated by means its δ 13 C signature. Leaching biogenic was 8.3±4.9 g m −2 yr −1 for 24.1±7.2 14.6±4.8 croplands. DOC equalled 3.5±1.3 5.3±2.0 4.1±1.3 The average flux total 19.4±4.0 ....
Ecology Letters (2012) Abstract Trees with sufficient nutrition are known to allocate carbon preferentially aboveground plant parts. Our global study of 49 forests revealed an even more fundamental allocation response nutrient availability: high‐nutrient availability use 58 ± 3% (mean SE; 17 forests) their photosynthates for biomass production (BP), while low‐nutrient only convert 42 2% 19 annual biomass. This effect largely overshadows previously observed differences in patterns among...
A better understanding of ecosystem water-use efficiency (WUE) will help us improve management for mitigation as well adaption to global hydrological change. Here, long-term flux tower observations productivity and evapotranspiration allow detect a consistent latitudinal trend in WUE, rising from the subtropics northern high-latitudes. The peaks at approximately 51°N then declines toward higher latitudes. These ground-based are with global-scale estimates WUE. Global analysis WUE reveals...
Abstract. This paper, developed under the framework of RECCAP initiative, aims at providing improved estimates carbon and GHG (CO2, CH4 N2O) balance continental Africa. The various components processes African budget are considered, existing data reviewed, new from different methodologies (inventories, ecosystem flux measurements, models, atmospheric inversions) presented. Uncertainties quantified current gaps weaknesses in knowledge monitoring systems described order to guide future...
Abstract Since 1750, land-use change and fossil fuel combustion has led to a 46% increase in the atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) concentrations, causing global warming with substantial societal consequences. The Paris Agreement aims limit temperature increases well below 2°C above preindustrial levels. Increasing levels of CO other greenhouse gases (GHGs), such as methane (CH 4 nitrous oxide (N O), atmosphere are primary cause climate change. Approximately half emissions sequestered by...
Abstract Overviewing the European carbon (C), greenhouse gas (GHG), and non‐GHG fluxes, gross primary productivity (GPP) is about 9.3 Pg yr −1 , fossil fuel imports are 1.6 . GPP 1.25% of solar radiation, containing 360 × 10 18 J energy – five times content annual use. Net production (NPP) 50%, terrestrial net biome productivity, NBP, 3%, GHG balance, NGB, 0.3% GPP. Human harvest uses 20% NPP or 10% GPP, alternatively 1‰ radiation after accounting for inherent cost agriculture forestry,...
ABSTRACT Aim The objectives of this study were to determine the relationships between climatic factors and litterfall in coniferous broadleaf forests Eurasia explore difference as related climate at a continental scale. Location We have used data from across Eurasia. Methods examined using linear regression analysis compilation published Results show that temperate, subtropical, tropical areas, had higher than ones, whilst opposite was found for boreal forests. Combining all zones, multiple...
Understanding the relationships between climate and carbon exchange by terrestrial ecosystems is critical to predict future levels of atmospheric dioxide because potential accelerating effects positive climate–carbon cycle feedbacks. However, directly observed CO2 with atmosphere across biomes continents are lacking. Here we present data describing net ecosystem (NEE) factors as measured using eddy covariance method at 125 unique sites in various over six a total 559 site-years. We find that...
In this study we examined ecosystem respiration (RECO) data from 104 sites belonging to FLUXNET, the global network of eddy covariance flux measurements. The goal was identify main factors involved in variability RECO: temporally and between as affected by climate, vegetation structure plant functional type (PFT) (evergreen needleleaf, grasslands, etc.). We demonstrated that a model using only climate drivers predictors RECO failed describe part temporal dependency on gross primary...
Abstract. This study reports carbon and water fluxes between the land surface atmosphere in eleven different ecosystems types Sub-Saharan Africa, as measured using eddy covariance (EC) technology first two years of CarboAfrica network operation. The for which data were available ranged mean annual rainfall from 320 mm (Sudan) to 1150 (Republic Congo) include a spectrum vegetation (or cover) (open savannas, woodlands, croplands grasslands). Given shortness record, EC analysed across rather...