Starch and storage proteins, the primary substances of cereal endosperm, are a major source food for humans. However, transcriptional regulatory networks synthesis accumulation remain largely unknown. Here, we identified rice endosperm-specific gene, NF-YC12, that encodes putative nuclear factor-Y transcription factor subunit C. NF-YC12 is expressed in aleurone layer starchy endosperm during grain development. Knockout significantly decreased weight as well altering starch protein granule...

Unlike ovary-derived botanical fruits, strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa) is an accessory fruit derived from the receptacle, stem tip subtending floral organs. Although both and fruits initiate development in response to auxin gibberellic acid (GA) released seeds, downstream GA signaling mechanisms underlying are presently unknown. We characterized mutants wild vesca) during early stage development. While mutations FveRGA1 FveARF8 led of larger fruit, only caused parthenocarpic formation,...

Summary Polycomb group ( P c G ) proteins are gene repressors that help to maintain cellular identity during development via chromatin remodeling. Fertilization‐independent endosperm FIE ), a member of the complex, operates extensively in plant development, but its role rice has not been fully investigated date. We report isolation and characterization rice, which was designated O s 2 for ryza sativa F ertilization‐ I ndependent E ndosperm 2. is single‐copy genome shows universal expression...

Small auxin-up-regulated RNAs (SAURs) are genes rapidly activated in response to auxin hormones, significantly affecting plant growth and development. However, there is limited information available about the specific functions of SAURs rice due presence extensive redundant genes. In this study, we found that OsSAUR10 contains a conserved downstream element its 3′ untranslated region causes transcripts be unstable, ultimately leading immediate degradation mRNA rice. our investigation,...

Summary Imprinted Polycomb group (PcG) genes play a critical role in seed development Arabidopsis. However, the of imprinted gene cereal plants remains obscure. Here, transgenic approach was conducted to study function Oryza sativa Fertilization‐Independent Endosperm 1 ( Os FIE ) during rice ssp. japonica ‘ZhongHua11’). RNA i and homozygous T‐ DNA insertion mutant osfie1 led smaller seeds, delayed embryo development, aleurone layer cells, decreased set rate. specifically expressed endosperm,...

Abstract Background The diploid woodland strawberry ( Fragaria vesca ) is an excellent model plant for investigating economically significant traits and several genetic resources within the Rosaceae family. Agrobacterium rhizogenes -mediated hairy root transformation alternative exploring gene functions, especially genes specifically expressed in roots. However, has not been established strawberry. Results Here, we described efficient rapid transgenic system using A. . Strain of MSU440 or...

SET domain is responsible for the catalytic activity of histone lysine methyltransferases (HKMTs) during developmental process. Histone methylation plays a crucial and diverse regulatory function in chromatin organization genome function. Although several genes have been identified characterized plants, understanding OsSET gene family rice still very limited.

Rosa roxburghii Tratt (Rosaceae) has a fruit that is flavorful, economically valuable, and highly nutritious, providing numerous health benefits. Myeloblastosis (MYB) proteins play key roles in the development quality of R. roxburghii. However, there little available genomic transcriptomic information for Here, normalized cDNA library was constructed from five tissues, including stem, leaf, flower, young fruit, mature using Illumina HiSeq 3000 platform. De novo assembly performed, 470.66...

Abstract Atmospheric nitrogen (N) deposition could affect various ecological processes in forest ecosystems, including plant litter decomposition and nutrient cycling. However, the mechanism of underlying cycling Cinnamomum migao under N remains unclear. Therefore, we conducted a simulated experiment four onsite treatments to assess effects input on C. leaf decomposition, release, soil enzyme activity. The results showed that significantly increased amount total residual mass lignin...

Abstract Background This study examined how rhizosphere fungi influence the accumulation of chemical components in fruits a small population species Cinnamomum migao . Results Ascomycota and Basidiomycota were dominant fungal community C. Pestalotiopsis Gibellulopsis associated with α-Terpineol sabinene content, was crude fat carbohydrate content. There significant differences populations between watersheds, there no obvious change fruiting periods. Gibberella, Ilyonectria , Micropsalliota...

Seed dormancy is a complex adaptive trait of plants that are influenced by several physiological and environmental factors. The endangered plant Cinnamomum migao also known to exhibit seed low germination, which may influence its regeneration; however, these characteristics remain unexplored. To our knowledge, this study the first examine type improve germination percentage C. seeds. We evaluated structure embryo endocarp seeds as well effects endogenous inhibitors. Furthermore, we assessed...

Rosa roxburghii Tratt, the most popular fruit that blooms in southwest of China, has high antioxidant properties and is rich different flavonoids. However, regulatory network critical genes regulate flavonoid biosynthesis R. are still unknown. In this study, HPLC analysis revealed total flavonoids, anthocyanins, catechin were enriched mature fruits, flowers, leaves, respectively. Differentially expressed (DEGs) between five organs involved metabolism obtained by transcriptome sequencing. A...

Abstract Background Cinnamomum migao is an endangered evergreen woody plant species endemic to China. Its fruit used as a traditional medicine by the Miao nationality of China and has high commercial value. However, its seed germination rate extremely low under natural artificial conditions. As foundation propagation, involves series physiological, cellular, molecular changes; however, events systematic changes occurring during C. remain unclear. Results In this study, combined with in...

Physcomitrium patens provides an evolutionary link between green algae and vascular plants. Although the genome of P. includes orthologs all core lignin biosynthetic enzymes, occurrence in moss is very controversial. Besides, little information available about enzymes to date. For example, cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase (CAD) a crucial enzyme that catalyzes last step pathway, suggesting ideal way study process. By investigating functions CAD evolution, this will elucidate roles lignin-like...

Autotoxicity is a widespread phenomenon in nature and considered to be the main factor affecting new natural recruitment of plant populations, which was proven many populations. Cinnamomum migao H. W. Li an endemic medicinal woody species mainly distributed Southwestern China defined as endangered by Red Paper Endangered Plants China. The lack seedlings key reason for population degeneration; however, no studies were conducted explain its causes. C. contains substances with high allelopathic...

Fruit prickles are widely distributed on the pericarp and exhibit polymorphic traits at different developmental stages. Although they multicellular appendages that well-known for helping plants defend against biotic abiotic stresses, their origination molecular mechanism still less known. Here, we studied of fruit in Rosa roxburghii. Using morphological histological observations, found prickle primordium R. roxburghii originated from ground meristem underwent cell division to form...

To explore the association between optimal coagulant for tofu and components of soybeans,30 different kinds soybeans were selected, tested their MgCl

This study examined the effects of light intensity on plasticity leaves Juglans regia f. luodianense seedlings in karst habitat and how they respond to changes intensity. The 1-year-old J. different niches a area was set as 100% (bare land), 75% (forest margin), 50% gap), 25% (under forest) natural light. material harvested after four months compared analyze differences various morphological characteristics, biomass allocation, physiological characteristics luodianense, comprehensive...

Gibberellins (GAs) play indispensable roles in the fruit development of horticultural plants. Unfortunately, molecular basis behind GAs regulating R. roxburghii remains obscure. Here, GA3 spraying to 'Guinong 5' at full-bloom promoted size and weight, prickle development, seed abortion, ascorbic acid accumulation, reduction total soluble sugar. RNA-Seq analysis was conducted generate 45.75 Gb clean reads from GA3- non-treated fruits 120 days after pollination. We obtained 4275 unigenes...