Abstract The cortical representations of the hand in area 3b adult owl monkeys were defined with use microelectrode mapping techniques 2–8 months after surgical amputation digit 3, or both digits 2 and 3. Digital nerves tied to prevent their regeneration within stump. Successive maps derived several determine nature changes map organization same individuals over time. In all studied, adjacent palmar surfaces expanded topographically occupy most territories formerly representing amputated...

A speech processing algorithm was developed to create more salient versions of the rapidly changing elements in acoustic waveform that have been shown be deficiently processed by language-learning impaired (LLI) children. LLI children received extensive daily training, over a 4-week period, with listening exercises which all translated into this synthetic form. They also training computer "games" designed adaptively drive improvements temporal thresholds. Significant discrimination and...

Children with language-based learning impairments (LLIs) have major deficits in their recognition of some rapidly successive phonetic elements and nonspeech sound stimuli. In the current study, LLI children were engaged adaptive training exercises mounted as computer “games” designed to drive improvements “temporal processing” skills. With 8 16 hours during a 20-day period, improved markedly abilities recognize brief fast sequences speech

1. Multiple microelectrode maps of the hand representation within and across borders cortical area 3b were obtained before, immediately after, or several weeks after a period behaviorally controlled use. Owl monkeys conditioned in task that produced cutaneous stimulation limited sector skin on distal phalanges one more fingers. 2. Analysis mapping experiment data revealed 1) stimulated surfaces represented over expanded areas. 2) Most receptive fields recorded these representational zones...

Developmental dyslexia, characterized by unexplained difficulty in reading, is associated with behavioral deficits phonological processing. Functional neuroimaging studies have shown a deficit the neural mechanisms underlying processing children and adults dyslexia. The present study examined whether remediation ameliorates these dysfunctional MRI was performed on 20 dyslexia (8–12 years old) during before after program focused auditory oral language training. Behaviorally, training improved...

Microelectrode mapping experiments indicate that the classical primary somatosensory cortex of monkeys consists as many four separate body representations rather than just one. Two complete surface occupy cortical fields 3b and 1. In addition, area 2 contains an orderly representation predominantly "deep" tissues. Area 3a may constitute a fourth representation.

Normal aging is associated with progressive functional losses in perception, cognition, and memory. Although the root causes of age-related cognitive decline are incompletely understood, psychophysical neuropsychological evidence suggests that a significant contribution stems from poorer signal-to-noise conditions down-regulated neuromodulatory system function older brains. Because brain retains lifelong capacity for plasticity adaptive reorganization, dimensions negative reorganization...

The mammalian auditory cortex normally undergoes rapid and progressive functional maturation. Here we show that rearing infant rat pups in continuous, moderate-level noise delayed the emergence of adultlike topographic representational order refinement response selectivity primary (A1) long beyond normal developmental benchmarks. When those noise-reared adult rats were subsequently exposed to a pulsed pure-tone stimulus, A1 rapidly reorganized, demonstrating exposure-driven plasticity...

The primary sensory cortex is positioned at a confluence of bottom-up dedicated inputs and top-down related to higher-order features, attentional state, behavioral reinforcement. We tested whether topographic map plasticity in the adult auditory secondary area, suprarhinal field, was controlled by statistics or task-dependent influences. Rats were trained attend independent parameters, either frequency intensity, within an identical set stimuli, allowing us vary task demands while holding...

Speech comprehension depends on the integrity of both spectral content and temporal envelope speech signal. Although neural processing underlying analysis has been intensively studied, less is known about information. Most information conveyed by confined to frequencies below 16 Hz, that roughly match spontaneous evoked modulation rates primary auditory cortex neurons. To test importance cortical for processing, we manipulated frequency sentences tested effect activity....

The brain's cerebral cortex decomposes visual images into information about oriented edges, direction and velocity information, color. How does the decompose perceived sounds? A reverse correlation technique demonstrates that neurons in primary auditory of awake primate have complex patterns sound-feature selectivity indicate sensitivity to stimulus edges frequency or time, transitions intensity, feature conjunctions. This allows creation classes stimuli matched processing characteristics...

Abstract Several behavioral and brain imaging studies have demonstrated a significant interaction between speech perception production. In this study, auditory cortical responses to were examined during self-production feedback alteration. Magnetic field recordings obtained from both hemispheres in subjects who spoke while hearing controlled acoustic versions of their via earphones. These compared made listened tape playback The amplitude was adjusted match the self-produced speech....

Neurons exhibit a wide range of properties in addition to postsynaptic potential (PSP) summation and spike generation. Although other neuronal such as paired-pulse facilitation (PPF) slow PSPs are well characterized, their role information processing remains unclear. It is possible that these contribute temporal the hundreds milliseconds, relevant most complex sensory processing. A continuous-time neural network model based on integrate-and-fire elements incorporate PPF inhibitory potentials...

Abstract Microelectrode multiunit mapping studies of parietal cortex in owl monkeys indicate that the classical “primary” somatosensory region (or “SI”) including separate architectonic fields 3a, 3b, 1, and 2 contains as many four representations body rather than one. An analysis receptive field locations for extensive arrays closely placed recording sites which were later related to cortical architecture led following conclusions: (1) There are two large systematic surface within “SI”....