A5039896620- Hepatitis C virus research
- T-cell and B-cell Immunology
- Respiratory viral infections research
- HIV, Drug Use, Sexual Risk
- Hepatitis B Virus Studies
- Multiple Sclerosis Research Studies
- Liver Disease Diagnosis and Treatment
- Cytomegalovirus and herpesvirus research
- Immunotherapy and Immune Responses
- Herpesvirus Infections and Treatments
- Influenza Virus Research Studies
- Virology and Viral Diseases
- Infectious Encephalopathies and Encephalitis
- Genomics and Rare Diseases
- Virus-based gene therapy research
- Immune Cell Function and Interaction
- Pediatric health and respiratory diseases
- Viral Infections and Vectors
- Mosquito-borne diseases and control
- HIV Research and Treatment
- Prenatal Screening and Diagnostics
- Viral Infections and Immunology Research
- Hepatitis Viruses Studies and Epidemiology
- Neurogenetic and Muscular Disorders Research
- RNA Interference and Gene Delivery
The University of Sydney
2005-2025
Sydney Children’s Hospitals Network
2020-2025
Children's Hospital at Westmead
2019-2023
Australian Government
2019-2023
Government of Western Australia Department of Health
2019-2023
Canterbury Hospital
2019
Act Health
2019
UNSW Sydney
2010-2018
Taronga Conservation Society Australia
2017
Technical University of Munich
2016
Summary Hepatitis C virus ( HCV ) transmission is high in prisons. This study investigated trends incidence and associated factors among a cohort of prisoners with history injecting drug use New South Wales, Australia. Data were available from the Incidence Transmission Study—prisons HITS ‐p) 2005 to 2014. Temporal evaluated. Factors time seroconversion people ongoing was assessed using Cox proportional hazards. Among 320 antibody‐negative participants (mean age 26; 72% male), 62% (n=197)...
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is common in prisoner populations, particularly those with a history of injecting drug use (IDU). Previous studies HCV incidence have been based on small case numbers and not distinguished risk events prison from the community. was examined longitudinal cohort 488 Australian prisoners IDU documented to be seronegative within 12 months prior enrolment. Inmates were tested for anti-HCV antibodies viremia, interviewed about demographic behavioral factors...
Abstract Systemic levels of interferon-gamma-inducible protein-10 (IP-10) are predictive treatment-induced clearance in chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV). In the present study, factors associated with plasma IP-10 at time acute HCV detection and association between spontaneous were assessed three cohorts infection. Among 299 individuals, 245 (181 male, 47 human immunodeficiency virus-positive [HIV+]) RNA+ detection. adjusted analysis, independently ≥150 pg/mL (median level) included RNA >6...
Abstract Aims To document the relationships between injecting drug use, imprisonment and hepatitis C virus ( HCV ) infection. Design Prospective cohort study. Setting Multiple prisons in New South Wales, A ustralia. Participants seronegative prisoners with a life‐time history of use IDU were enrolled followed prospectively n = 210) by interview antibody RNA testing 6–12‐monthly for up to 4 years when prison. Measurements incidence was calculated using person‐years method. Cox regression used...
Abstract Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is predominantly transmitted between persons who inject drugs. For this population, global prevalence of HCV infection high and incarceration common an independent risk factor for acquisition. To explore transmission dynamics in incarcerated populations, we integrated sequences with behavior spatiotemporal data analyzed clusters among prisoners Australia. We detected 3 recent consisting 4 likely in-custody events involving source/recipient pairs located the...
The Australian Paediatric Surveillance Unit (APSU) has been conducting prospective national surveillance of rare communicable diseases, and complications childhood infancy for more than three decades. In 2023, there were 15 diseases under APSU surveillance, which included: acute flaccid paralysis (AFP), congenital cytomegalovirus (cCMV), dengue, severe hepatitis (SAH), neonatal infant herpes simplex virus (HSV) infection, perinatal exposure to human immunodeficiency (HIV) paediatric HIV...
The human parechovirus (HPeV) is an increasingly recognised cause of sepsis and central nervous system infection in young infants for which there are limited long-term outcome data. We aimed to assess neurodevelopmental quality life following hospitalised HPeV infection.This cohort study was a 12-month follow-up who were with confirmed at the Sydney Children's Hospitals Network during outbreak 2013. Telephone interviews conducted parents/guardians. administered standardised questionnaires,...
Molecular genotyping for the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II loci, HLA‐DRB1, ‐DQB1 and ‐DQA1, in 100 patients with relapsing/remitting multiple scerlosis (MS) demonstrated an association HLA‐DR2, DQw6‐associated alleles DRB1*1501, DQB1*0602 DQA1*0102, thereby extending this finding among MS several countries to Australian population. Analysis by relative pre‐dispositional effect (RPE) method provided no evidence a second susceptibility allele at either DQA1 or DQB1. However,...
Abstract Background Influenza-associated neurological disease (IAND) is uncommon but can result in death or morbidity children. We aimed to describe the incidence, risk factors, and outcome of children with IAND from seasonal influenza Australia. Methods analyzed national, population-based, surveillance data for aged ≤ 14 years severe involvement, over 11 Australian seasons, 2008–2018, by Paediatric Surveillance Unit. Results There were 633 laboratory-confirmed cases reported. Of these, 165...
ABSTRACT Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a highly diverse pathogen that classified into seven distinct genotypes. Simultaneous or sequential reinfection with multiple HCV genotypes recognized in high-risk populations, such as injecting drug users (IDUs). Multiple infection of clinical concern different have various sensitivities to current antiviral therapies. Therefore, better understanding the frequency and currently being transmitted clinically relevant. An Australian cohort IDUs ( n = 123),...
Severe complications of influenza in children are uncommon but may result admission to hospital or an intensive care unit (ICU) and death.Active prospective surveillance using the Australian Paediatric Surveillance Unit with monthly reporting by pediatricians national demographic clinical data on <15 years age hospitalized severe laboratory-confirmed during ten seasons 2008-2017.Of 722 notified, 613 had at least one complication. Most (60%) were <5 age; 10% <6 months, hence ineligible for...
Background Shared injecting apparatus during drug use is the premier risk factor for hepatitis C virus (HCV) transmission. Aims To estimate per-event probability of HCV infection a sharing event, and transmission from contaminated apparatus. Methods Estimates were obtained using maximum likelihood method with estimated IDU events behavioural data. Settings Cohort study in multiple correction centres New South Wales, Australia Participants Subjects (N = 500) lifetime history (IDU) who...
The Australian Paediatric Surveillance Unit (APSU) has been conducting active, prospective, national surveillance for rare diseases of children over the last 25 years with monthly reporting by paediatricians.Communicable currently under include: acute flaccid paralysis (to identify potential cases poliovirus infection); congenital cytomegalovirus infection; neonatal herpes simplex virus perinatal exposure to human immunodeficiency (HIV) and paediatric HIV juvenile onset recurrent respiratory...
Neonatal herpes simplex virus (HSV) central nervous system (CNS) disease can occur in isolation or as part of disseminated infection. We sought to describe neonatal HSV CNS Australia over 24 years.Neonates (≤28 days) with confirmed infection, reported prospectively the Australian Paediatric Surveillance Unit (1997-2020), were evaluated for (laboratory confirmation clinical evidence encephalitis, e.g., lethargy, seizures, focal signs; and/or abnormalities on neuroimaging...
For 30 years the Australian Paediatric Surveillance Unit (APSU) has conducted national surveillance of rare communicable diseases and complications diseases. In this report, we describe results thirteen such studies surveyed by APSU in 2022, including reported case numbers incidence estimates, demographics, clinical features, management short-term outcomes. Conditions described are: acute flaccid paralysis (AFP); congenital cytomegalovirus (cCMV); neonatal infant herpes simplex virus (HSV)...
The Australian Paediatric Surveillance Unit (APSU) has been prospectively collecting national data on rare childhood conditions since 1993, with monthly reporting of cases by paediatricians. In this report we describe annual results from studies for ten communicable diseases and complications that were conducted using APSU surveillance in 2019 place these an historic context. Results are reported acute flaccid paralysis, congenital cytomegalovirus infection, neonatal herpes simplex virus...