A5038446447- Ruminant Nutrition and Digestive Physiology
- Bacterial Genetics and Biotechnology
- Bacteriophages and microbial interactions
- Genomics and Phylogenetic Studies
- Animal Nutrition and Physiology
- Probiotics and Fermented Foods
- Plant and fungal interactions
- Biofuel production and bioconversion
- Gut microbiota and health
- Enzyme Production and Characterization
- RNA and protein synthesis mechanisms
- Reproductive Physiology in Livestock
- Enzyme Structure and Function
- Growth Hormone and Insulin-like Growth Factors
- Aluminum Alloy Microstructure Properties
- Turfgrass Adaptation and Management
- Nuclear Physics and Applications
- Coccidia and coccidiosis research
- Legume Nitrogen Fixing Symbiosis
- Meat and Animal Product Quality
- Genetic and phenotypic traits in livestock
- Phytase and its Applications
- Magnesium Alloys: Properties and Applications
- Aluminum Alloys Composites Properties
- Anaerobic Digestion and Biogas Production
Hokkaido University
2015-2024
The University of Tokyo
1959-2023
Tokyo University of the Arts
2023
Tochigi Prefectural Police
2022
High Energy Accelerator Research Organization
2012-2021
Japan Proton Accelerator Research Complex
2012-2018
Tokyo Electron (Japan)
2012
Japan Wildlife Research Center
2010
Niigata University Medical and Dental Hospital
2009
Tenri Hospital
2008
Abstract Ruminant livestock are important sources of human food and global greenhouse gas emissions. Feed degradation methane formation by ruminants rely on metabolic interactions between rumen microbes affect ruminant productivity. Rumen camelid foregut microbial community composition was determined in 742 samples from 32 animal species 35 countries, to estimate if this influenced diet, host species, or geography. Similar bacteria archaea dominated nearly all samples, while protozoal...
Rumen microbiome biology gets a boost with the release of 410 high-quality reference genomes from Hungate1000 project. Productivity ruminant livestock depends on rumen microbiota, which ferment indigestible plant polysaccharides into nutrients used for growth. Understanding functions carried out by microbiota is important reducing greenhouse gas production ruminants and developing biofuels lignocellulose. We present cultured bacteria archaea, together their genomes, representing every...
Competitive PCR assays were developed for the enumeration of rumen cellulolytic bacterial species: Fibrobacter succinogenes, Ruminococcus albus and flavefaciens. The assays, targeting species-specific regions 16S rDNA, evaluated using DNA from pure culture digesta spiked with relevant species. Minimum detection levels F. R. flavefaciens 1–10 cells in 103–4 per ml mixed culture. reproducible 11–13% inter- intra-assay variations observed. Enumeration species alimentary tract sheep found...
ABSTRACT The Bacillus subtilis skin element confers resistance to arsenate and arsenite. ars operon in the contains four genes order arsR , ORF2 arsB arsC . Three of these are homologous from staphylococcal plasmid pI258, while no homologs have been found. Inactivation or results either constitutive expression an arsenite- arsenate-sensitive phenotype, respectively. These suggest that ArsR, ArsB, ArsC function as a negative regulator, membrane-associated protein need for extrusion arsenite,...
16S rRNA gene-based analysis of rumen Prevotella was carried out to estimate the diversity and diet specificity bacteria belonging this genus. Total DNA extracted from digesta three sheep fed two diets with different hay-to-concentrate ratios (10 : 1 2). Real-time PCR quantification revealed that relative abundance genus in total up 19.7%, while representative species bryantii ruminicola accounted for only 0.6% 3.8%, respectively. Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis shifts community...
Two novel Gram-negative, anaerobic, non-spore-forming, butyrate-producing bacterial species, strains Mz 5T and JK 615T, were isolated from the rumen fluid of cow sheep. Both curved rods that motile by means single polar or subpolar flagellum common in microbial ecosystem. Strain produced high xylanase, proteinase, pectin hydrolase DNase activities; 1,4-β-endoglucanase was also detected culture medium. The bacterium utilized a wide range carbohydrates. Glucose fermented to formate, butyrate,...
Among rumen microbes, bacteria play important roles in the biological degradation of plant fiber due to their large biomass and high activity.To maximize utilization components such as cellulose hemicellulose by ruminant animals, ecology functions should be understood detail.Recent genome sequencing analyses representative fibrolytic bacterial species revealed that number variety enzymes for digestion clearly differ between Fibrobacter succinogenes Ruminococcus flavefaciens.Therefore,...
The anterior pituitary glands of normal, adrenalectomized and sham-operated rats were observed wth the electron microscope. Besides already known 5 cell types, a new type granulated was found in pituitaries both normal animals. This type, designated by us as corticotroph, is characterized small secretory granules (150–200 mμ) polyhedral or retort-like outline body. general morphology this resembles that thyrotroph, but whole body much larger than latter, size slightly larger. Granules...
The fiber-associated rumen bacterial community was phylogenetically examined by analysis of 16S rRNA gene (16S rDNA) sequences. Hay stems orchardgrass and alfalfa were incubated for 6 20 h, respectively in the two different sheep, total DNA extracted from to clone rDNAs using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Of 91 such clones, 21 showed more than 97% sequence similarity with known isolates, 32 clones had 90-97% sequences, remaining 38 less 90%. majority fell into...
The Escherichia coli cell division gene ftsW (2 min) was cloned and sequenced. It encodes a hydrophobic protein(s) with 414 and/or 384 amino acid residues. deduced sequence the hydropathy profile of protein showed high homology those E. RodA functioning in determination shape Bacillus subtilis SpoVE spore formation. Probably similar functional membrane proteins are involved these three cycle process.
Genes from Bacillus subtilis predicted to encode a phosphate-specific transport (Pst) system were shown by mutation affect high-affinity Pi uptake but not arsenate resistance or phosphate (Pho) regulation. The transcription start of the promoter upstream pstS gene was defined primer extension. contains structural features analogous Escherichia coli pst sequence similarity. Expression this induced >5,000-fold upon starvation and regulated PhoP-PhoR two-component regulatory system. These...
In 1992, we described the cloning and sequencing of dnaK locus Bacillus subtilis which, together with transcriptional studies, implied a tetracistronic structure operon consisting genes hrcA, grpE, dnaK, dnaJ. We have repeated Northern blot analysis, this time using riboprobes instead oligonucleotides, detected heat-inducible 8-kb transcript, suggesting existence additional heat shock downstream Cloning that region revealed three novel named orf35, orf28, orf50, extending tetra- into...
In vitro rumen incubation studies were conducted to determine effects of initial pH on bacterial attachment and fiber digestion.Ruminal fluid was adjusted 5.7, 6.2 6.7, three major fibrolytic bacteria attached rice straw in the mixed culture quantified with real-time PCR.The numbers unattached Fibrobacter succinogenes, Ruminococcus flavefaciens Ruminocococcus albus lower (p<0.05)at 5.7 without significant difference between those at higher pH.Lowering media also increased detached from...
ABSTRACT To visualize and localize specific bacteria associated with plant materials, a new fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) protocol was established. By using this protocol, we successfully minimized the autofluorescence of orchard grass hay detected rumen attached to under microscope. Real-time PCR assays were also employed quantitatively monitor representative fibrolytic species Fibrobacter succinogenes Ruminococcus flavefaciens total hay. F. found firmly not only cut edges but...
SUMMARY: As part of the Bacillus subtilis genome sequencing project, we have determined complete nucleotide sequence a skin element which is located between spoIVCB and spoIIIC. The entire this 48032 bp in length, contains 57 ORFs with putative ribosome-binding sites. Two them correspond to previously sequenced characterized genes, cwIA spoIVCA. Furthermore, seven ORF products identified show interesting similarities known proteins present data banks, including ø105 immunity repressor,...
The nucleotide sequence of the sporulation gene spoIVC cisA in Bacillus subtilis was determined and found to encode a protein 500 amino acid residues with calculated molecular weight 57,481, which is good agreement size product estimated by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. N-terminal region this homologous site-specific DNA recombinases. Hybridization 3.6-kilobase EcoRI fragment carrying EcoRI-restricted chromosomal prepared from cells various stages showed that...
Methane emitted from ruminant livestock is regarded as a loss of feed energy and also contributor to global warming.Methane synthesized in the rumen one hydrogen sink products that are unavoidable for efficient succession anaerobic microbial fermentation.Various attempts have been made reduce methane emission, mainly through manipulation, by use agents including chemicals, antibiotics natural such oils, fatty acids plant extracts.A newer approach development vaccines against methanogenic...
Treponema spp. are a commonly detected bacterial group in the rumen that involved degradation of soluble fibers. In this study, ruminal group-specific PCR primer targeting 16S rRNA gene was designed and used to assess phylogenetic diversity diet association sheep rumen. Total DNA extracted from digesta three fed based on alfalfa/orchardgrass hay or concentrate. The real-time quantification indicated relative abundance total bacteria as high 1.05%, while known species bryantii accounted for...
Selenomonas ruminantium strains were isolated from sheep rumen, and their significance for fiber digestion was evaluated. Based on the phylogenetic classification, two clades of S. (clades I II) proposed. Clade II is newly found, as it comprised only new isolates that phylogenetically distant type strain, while all known grouped in major clade I. More than half displayed CMCase activity with no relation to degree bacterial adherence fibers. Although none digested monoculture, they stimulated...