We have studied the microstructure of InGaN layers grown on two different GaN substrates: a standard film sapphire and an epitaxial lateral overgrown (ELOG) structure. These materials exhibit distinct mechanisms strain relaxation. epilayers are typically pseudomorphic undergo elastic relaxation by opening threading dislocations into pyramidal pits. A behavior occurs in case epitaxy ELOG where, absence dislocations, slip with formation periodic arrays misfit dislocations. Potential systems...

We report a novel approach toward the catalytic hydrogenation of CO2 to methanol performed in gas–solid phase using multinuclear iridium complexes at low temperature (30–80 °C). Although homogeneous water catalyzed by amide-based catalysts provided only negligible amount methanol, combination catalyst and reaction conditions led effective production from CO2. The activities were dependent on relative configuration each active species. Conveniently, obtained gas could be easily isolated...

Polyester fibers, comprising mostly poly(ethylene terephthalate) with high crystalline content, represent the most commonly produced plastic for ubiquitous textiles, and approximately 60 million tons are manufactured annually worldwide. Considering social issues of mismanaged waste from used textile products, there is an urgent demand sustainable polyester fiber recycling methods. We developed a low-temperature, rapid, efficient depolymerization method fibers. By utilizing methanolysis...

Abstract The In x Ga 1− N system has electronic band gaps extending from under 1eV to 3.4 eV, and as such they are used the active layer in commercially available visible‐light emitting devices. There many interesting features that make these nitride semiconductor alloys especially useful for efficient light emitters. It been conjectured combination of piezoelectric fields local composition inhomogeneities may be responsible observed high emission efficiencies, spite their characteristic...

Abstract A salt‐free procedure for the generation of a wide variety metal(0) particles, including Fe, Co, Ni, and Cu, was achieved using 2,3,5,6‐tetramethyl‐1,4‐bis(trimethylsilyl)‐1,4‐diaza‐2,5‐cyclohexadiene ( 1 ), which reduced corresponding metal precursors under mild conditions. Notably, Ni particles formed in situ from treatment Ni(acac) 2 (acac=acetylacetonate) with toluene exhibited significant catalytic activity reductive CC bond‐forming reactions aryl halides presence excess...

A strategy of capturing ethylene glycol with dimethyl carbonate in the catalytic methanolysis polyethylene terephthalate enabled depolymerization at ambient temperature.

N-allylation is an important method for constructing C–N bonds in fine chemical synthesis. Accumulation of catalytically active species on the same support surface a promising approach achieving high catalytic efficiency. In this study, we developed catalyst comprising Pd and Cu complexes immobilized silica surface. The dual-metal-complex catalyzed aniline using allyl alcohol at low temperature 30 °C with tunable selectivity toward mono- disubstituted products. coimmobilization complex...

Polymer-supported catalysts have been of great interest in organic syntheses, but suffered from the difficulty obtaining direct structural information regarding catalyst species embedded polymer due to limitations most analytical methods. Here, we show that dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP)-enhanced solid-state NMR is ideally positioned characterize ubiquitous cross-linked polystyrene (PS)-supported catalysts, thus enabling molecular-level understanding and rational development....

This paper proposes a framework for dynamic pedestrian model with strategic route choice and multidirectional flow propagation. In an open urban area, massive number of possible paths can be defined. However, psychologically the does not consider all these as distinct options. Thus, this assumes chooses series consecutive subareas to traverse in first instance. Then, allocates actual flows on each detailed basis assumption user optimum. Combining two stages, hierarchical decision...

High-angle annular dark field scanning transmission electron microscopy and atom probe tomography of the V-shaped pits in GaInN/GaN multiple quantum wells have revealed that a well structure exists at slope region pits. Their thickness In concentrations were found to be much lower compared those flat region. This suggests threading dislocations act as energy barriers for lateral transport charge carries pit center may not work properly vertical because collapse well-defined structures.

Rapid self-healable and biocompatible hydrogels were prepared using the selective formation of metal–ligand interactions between selected metal ions phosphate end groups poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG). The phosphate-terminated branch PEG was synthesized via a substitution reaction hydroxyl phosphoryl chloride. gelation gel properties including rheological can be tuned by careful selection ions, numbers, temperature. Especially, gels rapidly formed trivalent such as Fe3+, V3+, Al3+, Ti3+, Ga3+...

Abstract High‐mobility and highly reliable self‐aligned top‐gate oxide thin‐film transistor (TFTs) were developed using the aluminum reaction method. Al diffusion to semiconductor homogenization of oxygen concentration in depth direction after annealing confirmed by laser‐assisted atom probe tomography. The high mobility TFT with amorphous indium tin zinc channel was demonstrated be 32 cm 2 /V s. A 9.9‐in. diagonal qHD active‐matrix organic light‐emitting diode (AM‐OLED) display fabricated a...

Polylactide (PLA) is a biobased synthetic polyester with diverse commercial applications. Nevertheless, PLA has been deemed unfavorable owing to its constrained processability, impact resistance, and biodegradability. Therefore, this study aimed at engineering novel biodegradable modifiers based on highly chiral enantiopure D-lactate (D-LA)-based called poly[D-LA-co-(R)-3-hydroxybutyrate (3HB)] (LAHB) improve the physical properties of PLA. High-molecular-weight (hmw) LAHB was synthesized...

The optical properties of thick InxGa1−xN layers have been studied using absorption and cathodoluminescence techniques. indium composition x the ranged from 0.03 to 0.17 as determined by Rutherford backscattering measurements. difference between band gap peak emission energy (Stokes shift) was found be considerably smaller than reported in past for these alloys. Monochromatic images show that light most film is homogeneous associated with a low Stokes shift. A second at longer wavelengths...

Treatment of either cis-[Fe(PNP)(X2)(CO)], trans-[Fe(PNP)(X2)(CO)], or [Fe(PNP)X2] (X = Cl, Br; PNP are tridentate pincer-type ligands based on 2,6-diaminopyridine and 2,6-diaminopyrimidine) with 1 equiv AgBF4 in the presence CO afforded selectively octahedral iron(II) complexes type trans-[Fe(PNP)(CO)2X]+. The same reaction carried out trans-[Fe(PNP-iPr)(Cl)2(CO)] absence affords also trans-[Fe(PNP-iPr)(CO)2Cl]+ together unidentified paramagnetic species. This involves an intermolecular...

Abstract A new Ce IV complex [Ce{NH(CH 2 CH N=CHC 6 H ‐3,5‐( t Bu) ‐2‐O) }(NO 3 ) ] ( 1 ), bearing a dianionic pentadentate ligand with an N O donor set, has been prepared by treating (NH 4 Ce(NO the sodium salt of L1 . Complex in presence TEMPO and Å molecular sieves (MS4 A) found to serve as catalyst for oxidation arylmethanols using dioxygen oxidant. We propose mechanism based on isolation reactivity study trivalent cerium )(THF)] its side‐on μ‐O adduct )] (μ‐η :η ‐O hydroxo‐bridged...

A simulation program of a three-dimensional anisotropic etching profile is developed to design the fabrication processes microstructures made single crystal silicon. We can now predict change in shape silicon wafer having an arbitrary crystallographic orientation and initial three dimensional including concave convex edges. Contrary conventional method, which assumes that etch profiles are composed limited planes, system makes it possible use number different planes. Using this system, we...

The unique electrocatalytic properties of core/shell-structured bimetallic nanoparticles (NPs) are generally attributed to core-induced electronic effects on surface atoms. For small core/shell NPs, however, size-dependent modifications can be non-negligible. Here, using synchrotron-based photoelectron spectroscopy, we identified both size- and in the states NPs with approximately monolayer-thick Pt shells completely covering Ru cores. embedded cores were found induce a downward shift energy...

Abstract A salt‐free procedure for the generation of a wide variety metal(0) particles, including Fe, Co, Ni, and Cu, was achieved using 2,3,5,6‐tetramethyl‐1,4‐bis(trimethylsilyl)‐1,4‐diaza‐2,5‐cyclohexadiene ( 1 ), which reduced corresponding metal precursors under mild conditions. Notably, Ni particles formed in situ from treatment Ni(acac) 2 (acac=acetylacetonate) with toluene exhibited significant catalytic activity reductive CC bond‐forming reactions aryl halides presence excess...

Abstract High mobility and highly reliable self‐aligned top‐gate oxide TFTs were developed using the aluminum reaction method. Al diffusion to semiconductor homogenization of oxygen concentration in depth direction after annealing was confirmed by laser‐assisted atom probe tomography. The high TFT with a‐ITZO channel demonstrated be 32 cm 2 /Vs. A 9.9‐inch diagonal qHD AM‐OLED display fabricated a five‐mask backplane process demonstrate an applicable solution for large size high‐resolution AM‐OLEDs.

Abstract The surface of mesoporous silica was modified with a Pd–bisphosphine complex and/or tertiary amine group for concerted acceleration allylation reactions. Mesoporous‐silica‐supported catalysts 1.6 nm pore diameter showed higher performance than nonporous or larger silica‐supported owing to the accumulation active sites into confined space. For case in which allyl alcohol used reaction, presence silanol on quite effective: turnover number Pd nine times greater that homogeneous complex.