The Formosa Satellite-3 and Constellation Observing System for the Meteorology, Ionosphere, Climate (FORMOSAT-3/COSMIC) radio occultation (RO) mission has been successfully launched on April 14, 2006. FORMOSAT-3/COSMIC uses global positioning system (GPS) signals to study atmosphere ionosphere with coverage. Receivers that are installed onboard of six small satellites register phase amplitude waves at two GPS frequencies. We give a preliminary analysis first RO measurements provided by...

Bluetooth low energy (BLE) has been significantly contributed to the Internet of Things applications due its advantages, such as power consumption and scalability. To further expand applications, BLE adopted Angle Arrival (AoA) angle departure (AoD) improve accuracy in direction finding (DF). The AoA/AoD is calculated using phase difference (PD) between slots received data. PD performance receiver (RX) all directions should be evaluated detail because it directly determines AoA/AoD. In...

Multi-robot coordinated wire-arc directed energy deposition (MRC-WA-DED) has proliferated in recent decades, employing asynchronous independent heating sources to deposit material simultaneously. Beyond enhancing efficiency, MRC-WA-DED introduces a synergic effect between the sources, resulting controllable thermal field on component. This research aims investigate if is beneficial for residual stress and distortion reduction how it can be applied enhance quality of MRC-WA-DEDed parts. A...

Fluid catalytic cracking is a crucial procedure in the petrochemical industry, but understanding and predicting its process remains challenging due to high degree of complexity nonlinearities. This paper proposes hybrid model incorporating 17-lump kinetic (SLKM) light gradient boosting machine (LightGBM). First, as difficulty parameter determination SLKM, this improves dung beetle optimization algorithm for solving parameters SLKM. The simulates search behavior insects uses fitness function...

We present an analytical method for observation of the gravity waves (GWs) in atmosphere from amplitude radio occultation (RO) signal. found height dependence GW phase and (the “ portrait” ) using example data corresponding to one GPS/Meteorology (GPS/MET) RO events. estimated horizontal wind speed perturbations, which are fairly good agreement with radiosonde data. The perturbations v(h) changing range v ∼ ± 1–±9 m/s vertical gradients dv/dh 0.5–±15 m/(s km) interval 10–40 km. wavelength...

It is shown that the refractivity and temperature vertical gradients may be retrieved using radio occultation (RO) amplitude data only. For considered RO events gradient of found from shows good correspondence at two frequencies changes in interval ±2–±5 N‐units/km (between heights 5–10 km) up to ±1–±2 12–21 km). The corresponding magnitudes change negative values 4– 9°K/km height 8–14 km positive 1–3 °K/km above 20.5 km. Sharp ±6–±9 are tropopause between 14–20 equatorial equal 16.8 with...

A 2.4-GHz all-digital phase-locked loop (ADPLL) for Zigbee application is presented. stochastic time-to-digital converter (STDC) with an edge-interchange circuit (EIC) proposed. The rising edges of the two input clocks STDC are cyclically interchanged by EIC, which achieves dynamic element matching and doubles equivalent number arbiters in STDC. frequency resolution LC-based digitally controlled oscillator improved tiny unit capacitor high-speed dithering. proposed ADPLL has been implemented...

As a widely used speech-triggered interface, deep-learning-based keyword spotting (KWS) chips require both ultra-low power and high detection accuracy. We propose sub-microwatt KWS chip with an acoustic activity (AAD) to achieve the above two requirements, including following techniques: first, optimized feature extractor circuit using nonoverlapping-framed serial Mel frequency cepstral coefficient (MFCC) save half of computations data storage; second, zero-cost AAD by MFCC's 1st-order...

A novel low power high-speed true single-phase clock-based (TSPC) divide-by-2/3 prescaler is presented. By modifying the precharge branch in TSPC flip-flop instead of AND gate conventional topologies, inverter between two flip-flops eliminated, and number switching stages reduced to 6. The designed SMIC 0.18µm CMOS process, simulating results show that maximum operating frequency divide-by-3 mode reaches 10GHz with 1.836mW consumption, 50% faster than circuit. divide-by-2 8GHz 1.34mW consumption.

A 69–92 GHz wideband low-noise amplifier (LNA) in a 90-nm CMOS process is presented. transformer-based shunt-series feedback designed to achieve broad input matching and minimum noise figure (NF) simultaneously. Interstage achieved by the on-chip transformer. The proposed four-stage common-source LNA achieves wide 3-dB bandwidth of 23 GHz, peak gain 7.6 dB at 76 NF 6.6 80 an 1-dB compression point −7 dBm. circuit occupies area 0.675 × 0.87 mm2 consumes 11.3 mW under 1.2 V supply.

Aiming at the problem that silicon-controlled rectifiers (SCR) and pulse width modulation (PWM) cannot balance high power levels, hydrogen production efficiency, grid connected quality in current research on rectifier supplies for electrolytic production, a new hybrid topology based modular multilevel converter (MMC) is proposed. The integrates with an auxiliary converter, wherein SCR designated as primary source production. employs cascaded input-series-output-parallel (ISOP) phase-shifted...

Bluetooth low-energy (BLE) beacons have been used in a variety of IoT applications. This article proposes compact and cost-effective BLE beacon, which only uses 2.4-GHz Gaussian frequency-shift keying (GFSK) transceiver an ultralow power 8-bit 16-MHz microcontroller unit (MCU). The minimum requirements the data processing procedure for commonly GFSK transceivers to generate BLE-compatible advertising packages are also provided this article. Benefited from architecture simple generation...

A defect-oriented built-in self-test (BIST) structure of charge-pump phase-locked loop (CP-PLL) for high fault coverage and low area overhead test solution is proposed. It employs a new phase/frequency detector, D flip-flop some existing blocks in the PLL as input stimulus generator feature extracted devices testing evaluation. Thus, no extra or high-performance measured instruments are required test. The easily implemented has little influence on performance CP-PLL. Fault simulation results...

Presented is a 100 GHz fully differential CMOS passive imager for system-on-chip integration, which features high gain, sensitivity and resilience to flicker noise gain variation. It integrates low-noise amplifier, Dicke switch, detector baseband programmable amplifier in single chip, achieves the best equivalent power (NEP) (23fW / √Hz/26fW √Hz without/with switch) CMOS, highest responsivity (>100 MV/W) silicon. also demonstrates 1.96 K noise-equivalent temperature difference 30 ms integration time.

In this paper, a switched load harmonic rejection mixer (HRM) structure with one single core and pair of resistors is proposed. Different from the traditional three-phase HRM which widely used in DTV tuners, performs function by vector multiplication rather than superposition. Sharing most its parts an ordinary Gilbert mixer, proposed shows greater simplicity structure. The mixer-core also more power efficient HRM. order to verify effectiveness approach, proof-of-concept prototype designed...

This paper describes an online smart meter calculating method by analysis the consumption data. In this model, orthogonal matching pursuit algorithm and decision tree are applied to detect abnormal data cluster Then a submeter matrix is constructed compute error. The experiment shows validity effectiveness of error estimation method.