Heat treatment of soybean meal (SBM) is necessary to reduce the concentration trypsin inhibitors, but excessive heat may AA and digestibility because can be destroyed by Maillard reaction. The objective this experiment was determine effects SBM on apparent ileal standardized (SID) growing pigs. A source conventional dehulled (48.5% CP) divided into 4 batches. One batch not additionally heated, 1 autoclaved at 125°C for 15 min, 30 oven-dried min. Four SBM-cornstarch diets were formulated,...

An accurate assessment of moisture content in feed ingredients is important because influences the nutritional evaluation feedstuffs. The objective this study was to evaluate various methods for determination. In Exp. 1, weight loss on drying (LOD) corn, soybean meal (SBM), distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS), whey permeate, powder, spray-dried porcine plasma (SDPP), fish meal, and a mixed diet these 7 were measured by oven at 135°C 2 h. Additionally, samples 105°C 3, 6, 9, 12, or...

Three experiments were conducted to evaluate a novel source of high-protein distillers dried grains produced by Buhler Inc. (HP-DDG(Buhler)) and fed growing pigs. The standardized ileal digestibility (SID) AA in HP-DDG(Buhler) soybean meal (SBM) was determined Exp. 1. Nine pigs (109.8 +/- 2.78 kg BW) fitted with T-cannula the distal ileum allotted triplicated 3 x Latin square design diets periods per square. Diets containing or SBM as only an N-free diet formulated. SID indispensable less (P...

Summary Latin square designs are often employed in animal experiments to minimize the number of animals required detect statistical differences. Generally, potential carryover effects not balanced out by randomization. Systemic methods available for equalizing residual effects. We have developed an Excel® spreadsheet-based program, Balanced Square Designer (BLSD), facilitate generation squares The program allows a user input treatments that is equal and periods square. A may also squares....

An experiment was conducted to determine the efficacy of mycotoxin sequestering agents for binding or degrading aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) and deoxynivalenol (DON) by an in vitro method. Ten toxin binder products including 5 bentonite clays (bentonite A, B, C, D, E), 2 cellulose (cellulose A B), a yeast cell wall, activated charcoal, mixture product containing minerals, microorganisms, phytogenic substances were used this experiment. procedure mimic digestive process pigs. The ability AFB1 less...

This study analyzed 192 samples of Porphyra dentata (P-dent) and 201 yezoensis (P-yezo) from Jeonnam in Korea. Principal component analysis (PCA) correlation were conducted to establish a nutritional dataset for laver. The revealed that P-dent had higher moisture weight but lower protein content than P-yezo. Ca, Mg, Fe levels P-dent, while P, Na, Zn Fatty acids composition indicated contained linoleic acid, P-yezo exhibited oleic acid eicosapentaenoic (EPA). significantly chlorophyll...

The objective was to determine the digestible indispensable amino acid score (DIAAS) of food sources using pig model and in vitro procedures. standardized ileal digestibility (SID) acids (AA) white rice, wheat, pea protein concentrate (PPC), soy isolate (SPI), skim milk powder (SMP) were determined pigs. Twelve barrows with an initial body weight 28.4 kg (standard deviation = 4.0) equipped a T-cannula at distal ileum allotted replicated 6 × 5 incomplete Latin square design six diets five...

The present study aimed to develop equations for estimating the dry matter (DM), nitrogen (N), and gross energy (GE) concentrations in pig urine using Brix values. A total of 96 samples were obtained from pigs 6.0 62.2 kg initial body weight fed 12 diets three experiments. animals a corn-soybean meal-based diet or corn diet. N ranged 0.12 2.06% GE 2 187 kcal/kg. values positively correlated with urinary DM, N, (r = 0.94, 0.87, 0.93, respectively; p<0.001). models were: DM (%) 0.590×Brix +...

An accurate determination of fiber concentrations in feeds and feces is critical for the measurement digestibility pigs. The method AOAC determining amylase-treated neutral detergent (aNDF; 2002.04) has been widely used pig diets. To overcome complexity procedure, Ankom also available aNDF. Although these 2 methods have compared ruminant diets feces, comparison not documented. objective was to compare aNDF values determined by (aNDFAOAC) (aNDFAnkom) ingredients, diets, A total 255 test...

The objective of this experiment was to test the hypothesis that apparent ileal digestibility (AID) amino acids (AA) in feed ingredients is not constant pigs with 3 different body weight (BW) after reaching 20 kg. Eight ileal-cannulated an initial BW 22.2 kg (standard deviation = 1.2) were used a 2-period cross-over design. Each period consisted 5-d adaptation and 2-d digesta collection. Two experimental diets contained corn distillers dried grains solubles (DDGS) or soybean meal-wheat...

Cinnamon is a natural spice with wide range of pharmacological functions, including anti-microbial, antioxidant, and anti-tumor activities. The aim this study to investigate the effects cinnamaldehyde-rich cinnamon extract (CRCE) on colorectal cancer cell lines HCT 116 HT-29. gas chromatography mass spectrometry analysis lipophilic revealed dominance trans-cinnamaldehyde. Cells treated CRCE (10-60 µg/mL) showed significantly decreased viability in time- dose-dependent manner. We also...

Summary Background: accurate estimations of basal endogenous losses (BEL) amino acids (AA) are important for the calculation standardized ileal digestibility values. Objectives: to address influence body weight (BW) and feed intake on BEL crude protein (CP) AA develop prediction equations CP in pigs fed nitrogen-free diets. Methods: based data derived from 34 research papers, were generated using BW per maintenance (FI:MFI) energy concentration as independent variables. Results: initial...

Objective An experiment was conducted to determine digestible energy (DE) and metabolizable (ME) of different byproduct feed ingredients fed growing pigs, generate prediction equations for the DE ME in ingredients. Methods Twelve barrows with an initial mean body weight 31.8 kg were individually housed metabolism crates that equipped a feeder nipple drinker. A 12×10 incomplete Latin square design employed 12 dietary treatments, 10 periods, animals. basal diet prepared mainly contain corn...

The objectives were to investigate correlations between energy digestibility (digestible [DE]:gross [GE]) and various fiber types including crude (CF), total dietary (TDF), soluble (SDF), insoluble (IDF), neutral detergent (NDF), acid (ADF), develop prediction equations for estimating DE in feed ingredients diets growing pigs.A of 289 data with values chemical composition feeds from 39 studies used DE. validated using provided by the National Research Council.The ranged 2,011 4,590 kcal/kg...

The objective of this study was to develop equations for estimating ileal digestible crude protein (CP) and metabolizable energy (ME) contents meat meal (MM) bone (MBM) as feed ingredients pigs based on in vitro assays. Test were 4 sources MM 3 MBM. Ash CP the ranged from 3.8% 33.1% 46.8% 82.9% (as-is basis), respectively. In disappearance (IVID) determined content calculated by multiplying IVID CP. total tract (IVTTD) dry matter (DM) ME using gross energy, contents, IVTTD DM. DM 77.2% 88.7%...

The objective of this study was to determine the efficacy mycotoxin sequestering agents for aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), deoxynivalenol (DON), and zearalenone (ZEA) using an in vitro method. twelve toxin tested were seven bentonite products (bentonite A, B, C, D, E, F, G), two aluminosilicate (aluminosilicate A B), a heulandite product, activated charcoal yeast cell wall product. two-step procedure employed mimic conditions temperature, pH, digestive enzymes stomach small intestine pigs. All able...

The objectives were to validate a previously published equation for estimating basal endogenous losses (BEL) of crude protein (CP) in pigs fed nitrogen-free diets and develop prediction equations BEL CP amino acids (AA).

In most animal growth experiments, groups of animals are housed within a pen. Occasionally, an individual shows very different rate than its pen mates or dies during the experiment. When this happens, if feed intake (PFI) cannot be reestimated for calculation ADFI and efficiency, observation will lost from data set. Therefore, we propose model to estimate (IFI) pigs in group feeding, with subsequent validation using feeding simulation studies. proposed model, (FI) each affected is...