All organisms face tradeoffs with regard to how limited energy resources should be invested. When is it most favorable grow, reproduce, much lipid allocated storage in preparation for a period of (e.g., winter), instead being used growth or maturation? These are few the high consequence fitness "decisions" that represent balance between acquisition and allocation. Indeed, animals make decisions about when eat, they must integrate signals among systems responsible acquisition, storage,...

Deep brain stimulation (DBS) has been successfully applied in various neurodegenerative diseases as an effective symptomatic treatment. However, its mechanisms of action within the network are still poorly understood. Many virtual DBS models analyze a subnetwork around basal ganglia and dynamics spiking with their details validated by experimental data. connectomic evidence shows widespread effects affecting many different cortical subcortical areas. From clinical perspective, besides...

We study the global probability distribution of energy consumption per capita around world using data from U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA) for 1980–2010. find that Lorenz curves have moved up during this time period, and Gini coefficient, G, has decreased 0.66 in 1980 to 0.55 2010, indicating a decrease inequality. The 2010 is close exponential withG = 0:5. attribute result globalization economy, which mixes brings it closer state maximal entropy. argue production limited...

Parkinson’s disease is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder after Alzheimer’s disease. Chronic pain experienced by vast majority of patients living with The degeneration dopaminergic neuron acts as essential mechanism in midbrain pathway. impairment neurons leads to dysfunctions nociceptive system. Key cortical areas, such anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) and insular (IC) that receive projections are involved transmission. Dopamine changes synaptic transmission via several...

Childhood trauma is prevalent in our society, but little known about why and how different forms of early traumatic experiences exert long-term effects on differential brain function adulthood. This study aimed to measure experience-specific neural correlates distinct subtypes childhood trauma. Our data showed the associations abusive neglectful with These could underpin potentially risks specific psychiatric sequelae More attention maltreated children timely psychological treatment are...

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To observe effect of acupuncture combined with hypothermia therapy on MAPK/ERK pathway and apoptosis related factorsin rats suffered cerebral ischemia reperfusion to explore underlying mechanisms. Methods: Middle artery model were established.Ninety SD randomly assigned into a blank group, control an mild group. After 72 h treatment, nerve function defect scores observed, infarction area percent was detected by 2, 3, 5-triphenyl-2H-tetrazolium chloride (TTC) staining; expressions Bcl-2 Bax...

In the existing robot-assisted rehabilitation training process, interactive control between patient and robot is mainly based on sensing patient's active "movement", failing to consider "psychological" level of participation, which has certain limitations. To solve this problem, we propose a facial emotion recognition system for exoskeleton robot. This takes frustration, excitement boredom as target emotion, combines LNUS feature points with Gabors wavelet extraction. The radial basis kernel...

Abstract Previous work has considered the effect of exposure misclassification on bias population attributable risk (AR) estimates, but little is known about corresponding effects their precision or mean squared error (MSE). This paper considers AR estimation in typical scenarios for case–control and cohort studies. The analogous index used when reduces risk—the prevented fraction (PF)—is also investigated. It shown, through both theoretical simulation results, that even with quite modest...

Many cognitive and computational models have been proposed to help understand working memory. In this article, we present a simulation study of cortical processing visual objects during several memory tasks using an extended version previously constructed large-scale neural model [Tagamets, M. A., & Horwitz, B. Integrating electrophysiological anatomical experimental data create that simulates delayed match-to-sample human brain imaging study. Cerebral Cortex, 8, 310-320, 1998]. The original...

Abstract Deep brain stimulation (DBS) has been successfully applied in various neurodegenerative diseases as an effective symptomatic treatment. However, its mechanisms of action within the network are still poorly understood. Many virtual DBS models analyze a subnetwork around basal ganglia and dynamics spiking with their details validated by experimental data. connectomic evidence shows widespread effects affecting many different cortical subcortical areas. From clinical perspective,...

The spatiotemporal dynamics of the neural mechanisms underlying endogenous (top-down) and exogenous (bottom-up) attention, how attention is controlled or allocated in intersensory perception are not fully understood. We investigated these issues using a biologically realistic large-scale network model visual-auditory object processing short-term memory. modeled incorporated into our object-processing temporally changing neuronal for control attention. successfully performed various bimodal...

Thomas Hardy is one of the most important British novelists who have made great contribution to English literary history. In his life, he created many impressive figures, whom are men with tragic endings, including Henchard mayor in Mayor Casterbridge. not a feminist, but detailed reading novels, concern for women patriarchal society obvious. He really cares about women’s destiny novels. Both New and Traditional described works; however, works endings except Elizabeth Jane This paper will...

The first-return time (FRT) is an effective measurement of random walks. Presently, it has attracted considerable attention with a focus on its scalings regard to network size. In this paper, we propose family generalized and weighted transfractal networks obtain the FRT for prescribed initial hub node. By employing self-similarity our networks, calculate first second moments by probability generating function mean variance For large network, scales size at sublinear rate. Further,...

Abstract Deep brain stimulation (DBS) has been successfully applied in various neurodegenerative diseases as an effective symptomatic treatment. However, its mechanisms of action within the network are still poorly understood. Many virtual DBS models analyze a subnetwork around basal ganglia and dynamics spiking with their details validated by experimental data. connectomic evidence shows widespread effects affecting many different cortical subcortical areas. From clinical perspective,...

<p><em>For a long time, there have been the mountainous discussions about intertexuality in field of novelist narrative studies by scholars from China and western countries their academic practices terms in-textual responses text to another produced either same writer or different novelists based on focus textual influences one another. However, rarely comparative focused intertextuality poetic texts taking Lawrencian collection Birds, Beasts Flowers as case intertextual...

The objective of this paper is to show quantitative results for the exchange rate target zones in a small open economy. We develop stochastic model rates under equilibrium goods and money markets based on variation Dornbusch (1976)'s model, incorporating several kinds macroeconomic shocks noneconomic factor ignored by literature. Using theory differential equation (SDE) probability theory, we calculate probabilities that nominal reach boundaries first time, mean time remain zones....