The aim of this study was to determine the reliability and validity a proposed measure peritraumatic dissociation and, as part that effort, relationship between dissociative experiences during disturbing combat trauma subsequent development posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD).A total 251 male Vietnam theater veterans from Clinical Examination Component National Veterans Readjustment Study were examined war zone exposure, retrospective reports most events, general tendencies with PTSD case...

Interviews were conducted with a nationally representative sample of 1,200 male Vietnam veterans and the spouses or co-resident partners 376 these veterans. The veteran interview contained questions to determine presence posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) items tapping family marital adjustment, parenting problems, violence. spouse partner (S/P) assessed S/P's view items, as well her own mental health, drug, alcohol problems behavioral school-aged children living at home. Compared families...

GABA is the main inhibitory neurotransmitter in mammalian brain. The postsynaptic GABAA receptor/pore complex presumed to be a pentamer typically composed of combination alpha, beta, and gamma subunits, although stoichiometry remains controversial. We probed receptor by site-directed mutagenesis conserved leucine (to serine) putative second membrane-spanning domain rat alpha 1(alpha L263S), beta 2(alpha L259S), L274S) subunit isoforms. Coexpression wild-type mutant subunits each class (e.g.,...

Assembly of the division septum in bacteria is mediated by several proteins that localize to site. One these, FtsI (also called penicillin-binding protein 3) Escherichia coli, consists a short cytoplasmic domain, single membrane-spanning segment, and large periplasmic domain encodes transpeptidase activity involved synthesis septal peptidoglycan. We have constructed merodiploid strain with wild-type copy ftsI at normal chromosomal locus genetic fusion green fluorescent (gfp) lambda...

Anesthetic drugs are known to interact with GABAA receptors, both potentiate the effects of low concentrations GABA and directly gate open ion channel in absence GABA; however, site(s) involved direct gating by these is not known. We have studied ability alphaxalone (an anesthetic steroid) pentobarbital barbiturate) activate recombinant receptors containing alpha 1, beta 2, gamma 2L subunits. Steroid was affected when either two mutated 2 subunits [beta (Y157S) (Y205S)] incorporated into...

The aim of this study was to identify characteristics emergency services personnel related acute dissociative responses at the time critical incident exposure, a phenomenon designated "peritraumatic dissociation."The authors studied 157 rescue workers who responded Nimitz Freeway collapse during 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake in San Francisco Bay Area as well 201 were not involved that disaster. Demographics, level perceived threat personality attributes (assessed by Hogan Personality...

A universally conserved event in cell division is the formation of a cytokinetic ring at future site division. In bacterium Escherichia coli , this formed by essential protein FtsZ. We have used immunofluorescence microscopy to show that FtsZ assembles early cycle, suggesting constriction regulated and supporting view serves as bacterial cytoskeleton. Assembly rings was heterogeneously affected an ftsI temperature-sensitive mutant grown nonpermissive temperature, some filaments displaying...

The nitrogen regulatory protein NtrC of enteric bacteria activates transcription the glnA gene by catalyzing isomerization closed complexes between RNA polymerase and promoter to open complexes. binds sites upstream that have properties eukaryotic transcriptional enhancers. NtrC-binding were found facilitate complex formation when these located on different rings a singly linked catenane, but not two decatenated. results provide evidence contacts polymerase-promoter in process mediated DNA...

Wild-type and mutant alpha1beta2gamma2 GABA(A) receptors were expressed in Xenopus laevis oocytes examined using the two-electrode voltage clamp. Dose-response relationships for GABA compared absence presence of 1 microM diazepam (DZP) or methyl-6,7-dimethoxy-4-ethyl-beta-carboline-3-carboxylate (DMCM). The dose-current yielded EC(50)'s (concentration half-maximal activation) 41.0+/-3.0, 21.7+/-2.7, 118.3+/-6.8 GABA, plus DZP, DMCM, respectively.DZP- DMCM-mediated modulation which...

FtsE and FtsX have homology to the ABC transporter superfamily of proteins appear be widely conserved among bacteria. Early work implicated FtsEX in cell division Escherichia coli, but this was subsequently challenged, part because defects ftsEX mutants are often salt remedial. Strain RG60 has an ftsE::kan null mutation that is polar onto ftsX. mildly filamentous when grown standard Luria-Bertani medium (LB), which contains 1% NaCl, upon shift LB with no NaCl growth stop. We found FtsN...

Vibrio parahaemolyticus senses surfaces via impeded rotation of its polar flagellum. We have exploited this surface-sensing mechanism to trick the organism into thinking it is on a surface when growing in liquid. This facilitated studies global gene expression way that avoided many complications surface-to-liquid comparisons, and illuminated ∼ 70 genes respond sensing per se. Almost all are surface-induced (not repressed) encode swarming motility proteins, virulence factors or sensory...

Rare lipoprotein A (RlpA) is a widely conserved outer membrane protein of unknown function that has previously only been studied in Escherichia coli, where it localizes to the septal ring and scattered foci along lateral wall, but mutants have no phenotypic change. Here we show rlpA Pseudomonas aeruginosa form chains short, fat cells when grown low osmotic strength media. These morphological defects indicate RlpA needed for efficient separation daughter maintenance rod shape. Analysis...

Fluorescent proteins are powerful reporters in biology, but most require O2 for chromophore maturation, making them inherently difficult to use anaerobic bacteria. Clostridium difficile, a strict anaerobe with genomic GC content of only 29%, is the leading cause hospital-acquired diarrhea developed countries, and new methods studying this pathogen sorely needed. We recently demonstrated that cyan fluorescent protein called CFPopt has been codon optimized production low-GC bacteria can be...

Bacterial SPOR domains bind peptidoglycan (PG) and are thought to target proteins the cell division site by binding "denuded" glycan strands that lack stem peptides, but uncertainties remain, in part because septal-specific has yet be studied a purified system. Here we show fusions of GFP from Escherichia coli cell-division DamX, DedD, FtsN, RlpA all localize septal regions PG sacculi obtained E. Bacillus subtilis. Treatment with an amidase removes peptides enhanced domain binding, whereas...

Abstract FtsN plays an essential role in promoting the inward synthesis of septal peptidoglycan (sPG) by FtsWI complex during bacterial cell division. How it achieves this is unclear. Here we use single-molecule tracking to investigate FtsN’s dynamics sPG E. coli . We show that molecules move processively at ~9 nm s −1 , same as engaged (termed sPG-track), but much slower than ~30 speed inactive coupled FtsZ’s treadmilling FtsZ-track). Importantly, processive movement exclusively and...

ABSTRACT We describe a simple system for reversible, stable integration of plasmid-borne genes into the Escherichia coli chromosome. Most ordinary E. strains and variety pBR322-derived ampicillin-resistant plasmids can be used. A single genetic element, lambda phage, is only specialized vector required. The resultant have copy plasmid fragment inserted stably at attachment site on chromosome, with nearly entire genome deleted.

ABSTRACT The bacterial cell division protein FtsW has been suggested to perform two functions: stabilize the FtsZ cytokinetic ring, and facilitate septal peptidoglycan synthesis by transpeptidase FtsI (penicillin-binding 3). We show here that depleting Escherichia coli cells of had little effect on abundance rings but abrogated recruitment potential sites. Analysis localization confirmed extended these results; required FtsZ, FtsA, FtsQ, FtsL not FtsI. Thus, is a late recruit site essential...