Abstract Conjugated electrochromic (EC) polymers for flexible EC devices (ECDs) generally lack a fully colorless bleached state. A strategy to overcome this drawback is the implementation of new sidechain‐modified poly(3,4‐ethylene dioxythiophene) derivative that can be deposited in thin‐film form customized high‐throughput and large‐area roll‐to‐roll polymerization process. The sidechain modification provides enhanced properties terms visible light transmittance change, Δτ v = 59% (Δ L*...

We present the optical, electrochemical, and electrochromic properties of Fe(<sc>ii</sc>)-, Co(<sc>ii</sc>)- Ru(<sc>ii</sc>)-based metallo-supramolecular polymers (MEPEs) self-assembled from rigid, π-conjugated bis-terpyridines with different numbers pyridine linkers.

Abstract Large‐area electrochromic devices (ECDs) based on a cathodically‐coloring, side chain‐modified poly(3,4‐ethylene dioxythiophene) (PEDOT) derivative and anodically‐coloring Prussian blue (PB) are assembled by customized sheet‐to‐sheet (S2S) lamination process. The ECDs with two complementary switching “half‐cells”, flexible PET‐ITO substrates, offer enhanced optical properties in terms of visible light transmission change (4–53%), contrast ratio (CR = 93.4) color neutrality (L* 77.9,...

Despite the long-standing history of electrochromism, there is a lack universally accepted methods for quantitatively comparing cycling stability between different electrochromic materials or devices. By proposing straightforward three-step procedure, we report simple set parameters that describe performance most frequently used materials, namely, conducting polymers, transition metal oxides, metallo-supramolecular and viologens. The main highlights this procedure are an adequate definition...

The cycling stability of flexible electrochromic devices (ECDs) under humid atmospheres is limited by irreversible indium tin oxide (ITO) reduction. A strategy to limit this degradation was developed and tested for model ECDs based on a sidechain-modified poly(3,4-ethylene dioxythiophene) (PEDOT) derivative Prussian blue (PB). This work reveals that the reduced dissolution ITO thin films formation metallic particles surface layers. strongly depends applied electrode potentials in combination...

Gray-to-colorless electrochromic device based on a new red polymer and Prussian blue electrodes, exhibiting excellent color coordinates transmittance modulation (colored: */ b * = −5.3/−4.7, 30%; bleached: −3.2/−0.5; 63%).

Electrochromic (EC) windows on glass for thermal and glare protection in buildings, often referred to as smart (dimmable) windows, are commercially available, along with rearview mirrors or aircraft cabins. Plastic-based applications, such ski goggles, visors car that require lightweight, three-dimensional (3D) geometry high-throughput manufacturing still under development. To produce EC devices (ECDs), a flexible film could be integrated into back injection molding process, where the films...

Abstract UV irradiation is used to precharge sputtered tungsten trioxide (WO 3 ) on polyethylene terephthalate enhancing the photochromic response with organic solvents. A comparison between optical and electrochemical properties of photochemically electrochemically charged WO results in a correlation transmittance respective charge density. This allows for precise control density precharging process monitored by UV–Vis spectroscopy. proof‐of‐concept flexible electrochromic device combining...

Electrochromic thin films of metallo-supramolecular polyelectrolytes based on Fe(OAc)2 and 1,4-bis(2,2':6',2″-terpyridin-4'-yl)benzene are readily prepared by layer-by-layer (LbL) deposition or dip-coating transparent conducting electrode surfaces. By applying a potential, we can switch the color from blue to colorless. Because strong absorption fast switching speed, change be observed with eye. The devices show reversible cycle stability.

By combining the electrochromic (EC) properties of Prussian blue (PB) and poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene):polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS), complementary EC displays manufactured by slot‐die coating screen printing on flexible plastic substrates are reported. Various display designs have been realized, resulting in operating either transmissive or reflective mode. For transmission mode displays, color contrast is enhanced switching two electrodes PB PEDOT:PSS. Both exhibiting a concurrent...

In this study, we present a 5,8-bis(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)quinoxaline monomer with two 4-(octyloxy)phenyl side chains (EDOTPQ) that can be electropolymerized on ITO glass in standard electrolytes containing lithium salts and propylene carbonate as solvent. The electrochemically deposited PEDOTPQ layers show very good adhesion homogeneity ITO. green-colored polymer thin films exhibit promising electrochromic (EC) properties are interesting for applications such adaptive camouflage, well...

Metallo-supramolecular polyelectrolytes (MEPE) based on iron(II)-acetate and 1,4-bis(2,2′:6′,2″-terpyridin-4′-yl)benzene are assembled by layer-by-layer deposition transparent electrode surfaces. When a potential is applied, the color of film can be switched from blue to transparent. Due strong absorption fast switching speed, change readily observed with eye. The device shows reversible long-term stability. experiment demonstrates basic concept electrochromic windows, an upcoming technology.

Rigid rod-type metallo-supramolecular coordination polyelectrolytes with Fe(II) centres (Fe-MEPEs) are produced via the self-assembly of ditopic ligand 1,4-bis(2,2':6',2''-terpyridine-4'-yl)benzene (tpy-ph-tpy) and acetate. Fe-MEPEs exhibit remarkable electrochromic properties; they change colour from blue to transparent when an electric potential is applied. This electrochemical process generally reversible. The in ground state a result metal-to-ligand charge transfer at centre ion...

Electrochromic devices (ECDs) containing iron-based metallo-supramolecular polymers (Fe-MEPE) and Prussian blue (PB) as active electrode materials, a polymer electrolyte flexible ultra-thin indium tin oxide (ITO) glass transparent conductive substrate are demonstrated here. The electrochromic Fe-MEPE PB thin films were deposited on ITO by means of dip coating electrodeposition, respectively, characterized optically (spectro-)electrochemically. By applying low voltage 2.5 V/−0.5 V, the...

Abstract For the use of polymeric electrochromic devices (ECDs) in architectural or automotive applications, photostability (EC) polymer is crucial for long‐term durability. In this study, side‐chain modified poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT‐EthC6)thin films deposited by roll‐to‐roll slot‐die coating on indium tin oxide coated polyethylene terephtalate (PET‐ITO) investigated and characterized UV–vis IR spectroscopy. Residual iron salt EC layer, necessary situ polymerization, variation...

Abstract The use of redox electrolytes in electrochromic devices (ECDs) based on cathodically coloring metallopolymers (MEPEs) and various mediators, including potassium hexacyanoferrate(II)/(III) (KHCF(II)/(III)), ferrocene/ferrocenium (Fc 0/+ ) tetramethyl thiourea/tetramethylformaminium disulfide (TMTU/TMFDS 2+ ), was investigated. By decreasing the concentration KHCF(III) electrolyte, it possible to significantly reduce loss current. Although unpleasant yellow tint could be diminished...

Abstract Metallopolymers (MEPEs) show a strong absorption band attributed to metal‐to‐ligand charge transfer (MLCT) transition. Fe‐MEPE and Ru‐MEPE thin films switch reversibly from blue‐purple (λ max =584 nm, Fe 2+ ) colorless (Fe 3+ or orange =518 Ru pale green (Ru ). The addition of multi‐walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) enhances the electrochromic (EC) properties Fe‐ electrodes in several ways: (1) faster response for bleaching/coloring; (2) enhanced Coulombic efficiency; (3) improved...

A radio frequency (13.56 MHz) cold hollow cathode discharge (HCD) plasma source has been developed for double side surface treatment of foils, membranes, and textile products. membrane with up to 30 cm width can be moved between two symmetrical, capacitively coupled active (rf) electrodes (cathodes). The cathodes consist a number parallel troughs separated ribs oriented perpendicular the direction motion. are open at both ends establish an electrical contact in rf grounded (anodes). Two...