Abstract The poly(A) tail plays an important role in maintaining mRNA stability and influences translation efficiency via binding with PABP. However, the impact of length on remains incompletely understood. This study explores effects human translation. We determined rates cell lysates using mRNAs different tails. Cap-dependent was stimulated by tail, however, it largely independent length, exception observed case 75 nt tail. Conversely, cap-independent displayed a positive correlation...

The human DEAD-box RNA-helicase DDX19 functions in mRNA export through the nuclear pore complex. yeast homolog of this protein, Dbp5, has been reported to participate translation termination. Using a reconstituted mammalian vitro system, we show that protein is also important for It associated with fraction translating ribosomes. We interacts pre-termination complexes (preTCs) nucleotide-dependent manner. Furthermore, increases efficiency termination complex (TC) formation and peptide...

Polyadenylate-binding protein (PABP) stimulates translation termination via interaction of its C-terminal domain with eukaryotic polypeptide chain release factor, eRF3. Additionally, two other proteins, poly(A)-binding protein-interacting proteins 1 and 2 (PAIP1 PAIP2), bind the same PABP regulate translation-related activity. To study biochemistry eRF3 PAIP1/2 competition for binding, we quantified effects PAIPs on in presence or absence PABP. Our results demonstrated that both PAIP1 PAIP2...

Eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4F (eIF4F), comprising subunits eIF4G, eIF4E, and eIF4A, plays a pivotal role in the 48S preinitiation complex assembly ribosomal scanning. Additionally, eIF4B enhances helicase activity of eIF4A. eIF4F also interacts with poly (A)-binding protein (PABP) bound to (A) tail messenger RNA (mRNA), thereby forming closed-loop structure. PABP, turn, eukaryotic release 3 (eRF3), stimulating termination. Here, we employed reconstituted mammalian system...

Nsp1 of SARS-CoV-2 regulates the translation host and viral mRNAs in cells. inhibits initiation by occluding entry channel 40S ribosome subunit. The structural study Nsp1-ribosomal complexes reported post-termination 80S complex containing Nsp1, eRF1 ABCE1. Considering presence ribosomal complex, we hypothesized that may be involved termination. Using a cell-free system reconstituted vitro system, show stimulates peptide release formation termination complexes. Detailed analysis activity...

Programmed cell death 4 protein (PDCD4) regulates many vital processes, although is classified as a tumor suppressor because it inhibits neoplastic transformation and growth. For example, PCDC4 has been implicated in the regulation of transcription mRNA translation. PDCD4 known to inhibit translation initiation by binding eukaryotic factor 4A elongation oncogenic c- A-myb mRNAs. Additionally, shown interact with poly(A)-binding (PABP), which affects termination, significance this interaction...

Eukaryotic release factor eRF1, encoded by the ETF1 gene, recognizes stop codons and induces peptide during translation termination. produces several different transcripts as a result of alternative splicing, from which two eRF1 isoforms can be formed. Isoform 1 codes well-studied canonical isoform 2 is 33 amino acid residues shorter than completely unstudied. Using reconstituted mammalian in vitro system, we showed that human also involved translation. We eRF1iso2 interact with ribosomal...

Abstract Eukaryotic translation release factor eRF1 is an important cellular protein that plays a key role in termination, nonsense-mediated mRNA decay (NMD), and readthrough of stop codons. The amount the cell influences all these processes. mechanism regulation through autoregulatory NMD-dependent expression circuit has been described for plants fungi, but mechanisms human have not yet studied. Using reporter constructs, we studied effect elements on its cell-free systems HEK293 culture....

Abstract eIF3j is one of the eukaryotic translation factors originally reported as labile subunit initiation factor eIF3. The yeast homolog this protein, Hcr1, has been implicated in stringent AUG recognition well controlling termination and stop codon readthrough. Using a reconstituted mammalian vitro system, we showed that human protein also important for termination. We stimulates peptidyl-tRNA hydrolysis induced by complex release factors, eRF1-eRF3. Moreover, combination with eIF3,...

Pairs of unnatural nucleotides are used to expand the genetic code and create artificial DNA or RNA templates. In general, an approach is engineer orthogonal systems capable reading codons comprising nucleotides; however, polymerases recognizing required for amplification transcription Under favorable conditions, in presence modified nucleotide triphosphates, able synthesize with high efficiency; currently available reveal specificity natural may not easily recognize nucleotides. Due absence...

Abstract The genetic code is a set of instructions that determine how the information in our material translated into amino acids. In general, it universal for all organisms, from viruses and bacteria to humans. However, last few decades, exceptions this rule have been identified both pro‐ eukaryotes. review, we discuss 16 described alternative eukaryotic nuclear codes observe theories their appearance evolution. We consider possible molecular mechanisms allow codon reassignment. Most...

ABSTRACT Eukaryotic translation initiation factor eIF4F, comprising subunits eIF4G, eIF4E, and eIF4A, plays a pivotal role in the 48S preinitiation complex assembly ribosomal scanning. Additionally, eIF4B enhances helicase activity of eIF4A. eIF4F also interacts with PABP bound to poly(A) tail mRNA, thereby forming closed-loop structure. PABP, turn, eRF3, stimulating termination. Here, we employed reconstituted mammalian system directly demonstrate that potently Specifically, eIF4A promote...

Translation termination factor eRF1 is an important cellular protein that plays a key role in translation termination, nonsense-mediated mRNA decay (NMD), and stop-codons readthrough. An amount of the cell influences all these processes. The mechanism regulation through autoregulatory NMD-dependent expression circuit has been described for plants fungi, but mechanisms human have not yet studied. Using reporter constructs, we studied effect elements on its cell-free systems HEK293 cells. Our...

ABSTRACT The Nsp1 protein of SARS-CoV-2 regulates the translation host and viral mRNAs in cells. inhibits initiation by occluding entry channel 40S ribosome subunit. structural study Nsp1-ribosomal complexes reported post-termination 80S complex containing eRF1 ABCE1 proteins. Considering presence ribosomal simultaneously with eRF1, we hypothesized that may be involved termination. Using a cell-free system reconstituted vitro system, show stimulates termination stop codon recognition stage...

The ∝-chymotrypsin enzyme that splits peptide chains in е process of digestion is considered. proton transfer one hydrogen bonds catalytic group active site process, which leads to bond splitting. Such potential field studied. It demonstrated а! energy surface profile changed after substrate fixing facilitate a transfer. fluctuating by the influence random thermal oscillation environment atoms, nonstationary accounted. Fluctuations are described both white and coloured noise. amplitude...