A5086265362- Sports Performance and Training
- Cardiovascular and exercise physiology
- Muscle activation and electromyography studies
- Alzheimer's disease research and treatments
- Body Composition Measurement Techniques
- Thermoregulation and physiological responses
- Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research
- Muscle metabolism and nutrition
- Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration Mechanisms
- Exercise and Physiological Responses
- Sports injuries and prevention
- Children's Physical and Motor Development
- Heart Rate Variability and Autonomic Control
- Infrared Thermography in Medicine
- Advanced Sensor and Energy Harvesting Materials
- Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) Research
- Climate Change and Health Impacts
- Cardiovascular Effects of Exercise
- High Altitude and Hypoxia
- Neuroscience and Neural Engineering
- Motor Control and Adaptation
- Bone fractures and treatments
- Physical Activity and Health
- Spaceflight effects on biology
- Prion Diseases and Protein Misfolding
UK Dementia Research Institute
2018-2024
University of Edinburgh
1963-2024
NHS Blood and Transplant
2023
The University of Sydney
1973-2023
Wellcome Centre for Cell Biology
2020
Cardiff University
2015-2020
University of Malta
2015-2020
Royal Edinburgh Hospital
2018
Discovery Centre
2018
Medical Research Council
1969-2011
1. The results of studies during simple progressive exercise to exhaustion and steady-state submaximal in 117 boys girls aged 6–16 years are presented. 2. In the test, highest work load achieved heart rate were related size sex. maximum ventilation largely independent 3. Steady-state was performed at one-third two-thirds test. Indirect (CO2) Fick method used measure cardiac output. 4. At any given level work, tidal volume, dead space, stroke volume closely size, with having higher rates...
A key knowledge gap blocking development of effective therapeutics for Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the lack understanding how amyloid beta (Aβ) peptide and pathological forms tau protein cooperate in causing phenotypes. Within a mouse tau-deficient background, we probed molecular, cellular, behavioral disruption triggered by influence wild-type human on Aβ-induced pathology. We find that Aβ work cooperatively to cause hyperactivity phenotype downregulation transcription genes involved...
In Alzheimer's disease, fibrillar tau pathology accumulates and spreads through the brain synapses are lost. Evidence from mouse models indicates that trans-synaptically pre- to postsynapses oligomeric is synaptotoxic, but data on synaptic in human scarce. Here we used sub-diffraction-limit microscopy study accumulation postmortem temporal occipital cortices of control donors. Oligomeric present postsynaptic terminals, even areas without abundant deposition. Furthermore, there a higher...
Synapse loss correlates with cognitive decline in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Data from mouse models suggests microglia are important for synapse degeneration, but direct human evidence any glial involvement removal AD remains to be established. Here we observe astrocytes and brains contain greater amounts of synaptic protein compared non-disease controls, that proximity amyloid-β plaques the APOE4 risk gene exacerbate this effect. In culture, primary phagocytose patient-derived synapses more...
In five spontaneously breathing kittens (12-13 days old), anesthetized with pentobarbital sodium, we measured the passive and active elastances resistances of respiratory system decay inspiratory muscle pressure (PmusI) during expiration. When normalized for body weight (BW), resistance (Rrs . BW) was smaller in than adult cats, whereas elastance (Ers did not differ significantly. As a result, time constant (tau rs = Rrs/Ers) shorter (mean +/- SE: 0.073 0.011 s) cats (0.121 0.008 s). This,...
The aerobic energy cost (delta VO2) of running at different speeds (V) with and against a range wind velocities (WV) has been studied in tunnel on three healthy male subjects the results compared downhill uphill gradient motor-driven treadmill. In terms equivalent horizontal vertical forces, comparison showed that two forms exercise were physiologically identical for gradients WV ranging from -10 to +5% 1.5 15 m . s-1, respectively. apparent mechanical efficiencies work performed head...
The electrically evoked isometric properties of the triceps surae have been studied in young (22 yr) and elderly (69 men women. results show that subjects had an increased time to peak tension (TPT) twitch, a lower specific (force/cross section area), showed greater relative force loss when subjected standard "fatigue" test procedure than surae. respective figures for TPT, tension, fatigue index (FI) were 147 +/- 15 ms (male), 143 8 (female), 19.5 N/cm2 0.52 0.16 0.37 0.09 (female) elderly,...
1. Seven patients who had suffered unilateral leg fracture were studied after removal of immobilizing plaster casts. 2. Leg volume measured anthropometrically was reduced by 12% in the injured (5-68 +/- 1-05 litres) compared with uninjured (6-43 0-87 litres). Associated this loss a similar reduction net maximum oxygen uptake achieved one-leg cycling, from 1-89 0-21 1/min to 1-57 0-18 injured. 3. Measured percutaneous needle biopsy technique, 42% found cross-sectional area muscle fibres...
Tau is a major driver of neurodegeneration and implicated in over 20 diseases. Tauopathies are characterized by synaptic loss neuroinflammation, but it unclear if these pathological events causally linked. binds to Synaptogyrin-3 on vesicles. Here, we interfered with this function determine the role pathogenic at pre-synaptic terminals. We show that heterozygous knockout synaptogyrin-3 benign mice strongly rescues mutant Tau-induced defects long-term plasticity working memory. It also...
Abstract Synapse loss correlates with cognitive decline in Alzheimer’s disease, and soluble oligomeric amyloid beta (Aβ) is implicated synaptic dysfunction loss. An important knowledge gap the lack of understanding how Aβ leads to synapse degeneration. In particular, there has been difficulty determining whether a receptor that binds mediates toxicity. While many candidates have observed model systems, their relevance human AD brain remains unknown. This part due methodological limitations...
The aim of this study was to test whether enmeshment self and pain predicted adjustment (depression acceptance) in a chronic population. 89 patients completed standardized self-report measures depression acceptance generated characteristics describing their current actual self, hoped-for feared-for made judgments about the degree which future possible selves (hoped-for feared-for) were dependent on absence or presence pain, i.e. enmeshed with pain. Hierarchical multiple regression analyses...
The effect of ageing on voluntary and electrically evoked muscle force was investigated. A group 70-year-old men a control young took part in the study. muscles studied were elbow flexor triceps surae leg. With both groups showed reduction maximum tetani. greatest leg muscles. time to peak twitch prolonged with age findings are discussed relation changes fibre type known occur elderly muscle.
The physiological responses of 10 ultramarathon athletes to prolonged exercise at the highest intensity level they could sustain for 4 h have been examined. Energy expenditure was 14,146 +/- 1,789 kJ, which 63% provided by oxidation fat. Plasma free fatty acids rose, but changes in blood lactate concentration (delta 0.2 mmol/l) and exchange ratio 0.05) were small, postexercise glycogen content (130 42 mumol/g) vastus lateralis muscles estimated be 37–53% normal resting values. During O2...
Abstract Background and purpose Synapse degeneration in Alzheimer's disease (AD) correlates strongly with cognitive decline. There is well‐established excitatory synapse loss AD known contributions of pathological amyloid beta (Aβ) to dysfunction loss. Despite clear changes circuit excitability model systems, relatively little about pathology inhibitory synapses. Methods Here human postmortem brain samples ( n = 5 control, 10 cases) from temporal occipital cortices were examined investigate...