To examine the influence of inhaled steroids on bronchial mucosa, biopsies from six patients with severe asthma were studied before and after ten years daily treatment steroids. Biopsies healthy subjects also examined. In taken asthmatic there was a significant increase in inflammatory cell numbers compared control subjects. all scanning electron microscopy showed reduced coverage by cilia. Squamous metaplasia seen two patients. After number cells significantly to that not different...

Particulate matter (PM) pollution adversely affects the airways, with asthmatic subjects thought to be especially sensitive. The authors hypothesised that exposure diesel exhaust (DE), a major source of PM, would induce airway neutrophilia in healthy subjects, and either these responses exaggerated mild allergic asthma, or DE exacerbate pre-existent airways. Healthy were exposed for 2 h ambient levels (particles 50% cut-off aerodynamic diameter 10 µm (PM ) 108 µg·m −3 lung function...

Background: Today, practically all computed tomography (CT) systems are delivered with automatic exposure control (AEC) operating tube current modulation in three dimensions. Each of these has different specifications and operates somewhat differently. Purpose: To evaluate AEC from four CT scanner manufacturers: General Electric (GE), Philips, Siemens, Toshiba, considering their potential for reducing radiation to the patient while maintaining adequate image quality. Material Methods: The...

Objective: To evaluate the image quality produced by six different iterative reconstruction (IR) algorithms in four CT systems setting of brain CT, using radiation dose levels and optimisation levels. Methods: An phantom, supplied with a bone mimicking annulus, was examined from vendors Acquisitions were reconstructed conventional filtered back-projection (FBP), three statistical IR and, when available, model-based algorithm. The evaluated parameters numbers, uniformity, noise, noise-power...

Retrospective study.To optimize the radiation doses and image quality for cone-beam O-arm surgical imaging system in spinal surgery.Neurovascular compromise has been reported after screw misplacement during thoracic pedicle insertion. The use of with or without navigation surgery shown to lower rate misplacement. main drawback such systems is high exposure.Chest phantom cadaveric pig spine were examined on different scan settings: 2 recommended by manufacturer (120 kV/320 mAs, 120 kV/128...

Computed tomographic angiography (CTA) may require a non-contrast enhanced dataset for the diagnostic workup. By using dual-energy acquisition, it is possible to obtain virtual non-contrast-enhanced (VNC) dataset, thereby possibly eliminating acquisition and reducing radiation dose.To compare image quality of VNC images reconstructed from arterial phase CTA true (TNC) images, assess whether were sufficient replace TNC images.Thirty consecutive patients with suspected abdominal aortic...

Bronchial mucosal biopsies were collected by flexible fibreoptic bronchoscopy (FFB) from normal healthy volunteers. The volunteers not receiving any medication and had been free respiratory infection for at least five weeks prior to the bronchoscopy. Biopsies with a minimum of 115 microns undamaged perpendicularly sectioned epithelium investigated light transmission electron microscopy. height varied between 22-62.5 microns, median value 41.5 microns. volume density various epithelial cells...

EEG, end‐tidal CO 2 , neck muscle EMG, eye movements, and ECG were recorded in 17 children undergoing enflurane anesthesia combined with N O . All subjects classified the lowest risk group had normal pre‐anesthetic EEG recordings. Eleven breathing spontaneously six under controlled ventilation. Thirteen hyperventilated for short periods. As previously reported adults, various signs of increased central nervous excitability appeared. At concentration 4% all three cases Pa co2 below 32 mmHg...

Abstract Background Computed tomography (CT) scans are routinely performed in positron emission (PET) and single photon computed (SPECT) examinations globally, yet few surveys have been conducted to gather national diagnostic reference level (NDRL) data for CT radiation doses tomography/computed (PET/CT) (SPECT/CT). In this first Nordic-wide study of hybrid imaging, Nordic NDRL suggested PET/CT SPECT/CT specific the clinical purpose CT, scope optimisation is evaluated. Data on imaging...

Pregnancy increases the risk of pulmonary embolism. Computed tomography angiography (CTPA) is used for diagnosis. CT generates ionising radiation, and thus, abdominal shielding may be used. This phantom study investigated effects patient scan length reduction on fetal maternal radiation dose from CTPA. The absorbed to fetus was measured using thermoluminescent dosemeters. Estimated effective doses pregnant were based dose-length products. Shielding increased both by 47% mean (0.10 vs. 0.12...

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect different choices adaptation strengths on image quality and radiation exposure patient with Siemens automatic control system called CARE Dose 4D. An anthropomorphic chest phantom used simulate computed tomography scans were performed a SOMATOM Sensation 16 64. Owing strengths, considerable reduction (26.6-51.5 % 27.5-49.5 for 64, respectively) in dose found when compared using fixed tube current. There substantial difference (image noise)...

PET with ¹⁸F-choline (¹⁸F-FCH) is used in the diagnosis of prostate cancer and its recurrences. In this work, biodistribution data from a recent study conducted at Skåne University Hospital Malmö were for development biokinetic dosimetric model. <b>Methods:</b> The ¹⁸F-FCH was followed 10 patients using up to 4 h after administration. Activity concentrations blood urine samples also determined. A compartmental model structure developed, values parameters...

Background The number of computed tomography (CT) examinations is increasing and leading to an increase in total patient exposure. It therefore important optimize CT scan imaging conditions order reduce the radiation dose. introduction iterative reconstruction methods has enabled improvement image quality a reduction Purpose To investigate how depends on method discuss dose resulting from use hybrid model-based reconstruction. Material Methods An phantom (Catphan® 600) anthropomorphic torso...

Background Follow-up with computed tomographic angiography is recommended after endovascular aneurysm repair, exposing patients to significant levels of radiation and iodine contrast medium. Dual-energy tomography allows virtual noncontrast (VNC) images be reconstructed from contrast-enhanced using a software algorithm. If the VNC are good-enough approximation true (TNC) images, reduction in dose can ensured through omitting TNC scan. Purpose To compare image quality arterial phase venous...

Hyaluronan (hyaluronic acid) appears in low concentrations bronchoalveolar lavage fluid from healthy individuals, while increased amounts have been reported patients with interstitial lung diseases and allergic asthma. We earlier a strong correlation between the appearance of mast cells hyaluronan sarcoidosis extrinsic alveolitis. The central role cell asthma is well documented. In this study we investigated if challenge inhaled histamine, major component, could influence fluid. A more than...

Objective The aim of this study was to determine the potential different high-Z elements act as contrast media (CMs) alongside iodine (I) in dual-CM, dual-energy (DE) computed tomography examinations. Methods Gadolinium (Gd), tantalum (Ta), wolfram (W), gold (Au), and bismuth (Bi) addition I were examined at all available kilovolt settings a DE scanner. Dual-energy ratios calculated by dividing attenuation low high kilovolt. data sets loaded into material decomposition software evaluate...

Background Dual-energy computed tomography (DECT) has conceptually been known since the late 1970s and commercially available as dual-source CT (DSCT) systems 2006; however, technique not yet seen widespread implementation in routine protocols. Part of cause for this is likely due to misconceptions about radiation dose and/or image quality when using DECT. Purpose To compare single-energy (SECT) DECT abdominal examinations obtained clinical practice on a second generation DSCT. Material...

To examine the influence of histamine chloride challenge test on bronchoalveolar lavage cell population, fluid from 15 subjects was collected 24 h after test, and compared with a reference group 25 subjects. Inhaled is commonly used to quantitate non-specific bronchial responsiveness. Increase in airway responsiveness exposure ozone or allergen associated inflammation. Bronchoalveolar lavage, has therefore become valuable tool study cells mediators asthma hyperresponsiveness. The total...

Serum amylase levels and clearance were investigated in patients with uremia without pancreatitis normal serum concentrations of urea nitrogen creatinine. The was markedly reduced severely impaired renal function, the values significantly increased due to decreased excretion enzyme. increases not as high pancreatitis. There a large spread obtained, there no correlation between level degree uremia.

Low kilovoltage (kVp) computed tomography (CT) may be used to reduce contrast medium dose in patients at risk of nephropathy, the cost increased image noise.To evaluate: (i) impact iterative reconstructions (Siemens SAFIRE) on low-contrast object detection compensate for noise instead tube loading when decreasing potential; and (ii) change iodine attenuation simulated abdominal CT.A phantom was scanned 70, 80, 100, 120 kVp fixed effective (170 mAsEFF) radiation (CTDIVOL 10 mGy). Images were...

Recently, bronchial brush biopsy (BBB) has been introduced as a complimentary method to forceps for the study of epithelial cells. We wanted determine whether inflammatory cells in biopsies can reflect mucosal inflammation assessed indirectly by levels cellular activation markers lavage fluid. studied 15 healthy controls, 11 asthmatics with regular steroid inhalation therapy, 13 without steroids, and 10 smokers nonobstructive chronic bronchitis. Differential counts were made from BBB...

Journal Article Post-processing image filtration enabling dose reduction in standard abdominal CT Get access Peter Leander, Leander * 1Department of Radiology, Malmö University Hospital, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden *Corresponding author: peter.leander@med.lu.se Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Marcus Söderberg, Söderberg 2Department Radiation Physics, Sweden3Department Medical Tobias Fält, Fält Mikael Gunnarsson, Gunnarsson Ida Albertsson...

Follow-up of endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR) with life-long computed tomography angiography (CTA) surveillance exposes patients impaired renal function to repeated risks contrast medium-induced nephropathy (CIN).To retrospectively compare vascular attenuation, image noise, contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR), subjective quality and effective radiation dose (mSv) for CTA a 16-multirow detector CT (MDCT) equipment at 80 kVp after EVAR using medium (CM) that is half used 120 kVp.Forty estimated...