We investigated the impact of a short intensive language course on attentional functions. examined 33 participants one-week Scottish Gaelic and compared them to 34 controls: 16 active controls who participated in courses comparable duration intensity but not involving foreign learning 18 passive followed their usual routines. Participants completed auditory tests inhibition switching. There was no difference between groups any measures at beginning course. At end course, significant...

Recent studies, using predominantly visual tasks, indicate that early bilinguals outperform monolinguals on attention tests. It remains less clear whether such advantages extend to those who have acquired their second language later in life.We examined this question 38 monolingual and 60 bilingual university students. The group was further subdivided into childhood, late childhood adulthood bilinguals. assessment consisted of five subtests from the clinically validated Test Everyday...

Purpose To test the proposal that tense deficit has been demonstrated for children with specific language impairment (SLI) in other languages is also found child Spanish and low performance on tense-related measures can distinguish Spanish-speaking SLI from those without. Method The authors evaluated evidence existing spontaneous production, elicited grammaticality judgment studies of finiteness Spanish. They measured relationship 7 speech previous receptive expressive performed a...

Aims and Objectives/Purpose/Research Questions: This study investigated the effect of specific L2 learning experience (i.e., usage, proficiency, exposure) on cognitive performance in 121 Chinese learners English. Design/Methodology/Approach: The participants were divided into three groups: beginning, intermediate, advanced learners. They are homogeneous background variables (e.g., cultural educational environment) but heterogeneous language experience. performed non-linguistic tasks, tapping...

Abstract Researchers have argued that grouping heterogeneous linguistic profiles under a dichotomous condition might mask the cognitive effects of bilingualism. The current study used two different analysis approaches (i.e., continuous versus dichotomous) to examine inhibitory control in sample 239 young adult bilinguals. Dividing into groups based on L2 proficiency high-proficient low-proficient) and AoA early late) did not lead reliable group differences any measurements used. However, use...

Esports is an often time-consuming activity that has become increasingly popular with billions of players all over the world. The objective this study was to investigate if there a relationship between skill level in strategy video game Dota 2, places many demands on decision making be successful, and under ambiguity experience as measured by performance Iowa Gambling Task (IGT), task known have ecological validity. Two indicators players’ namely match-making rating (MMR) Medal, were used...

The purpose of this study was to evaluate integrated training for aphasia (ITA), a multicomponent language-production treatment based on part-whole learning that systematically trains lexical retrieval, sentence production, and discourse-level communications. Specific research objectives were acquisition target structures, statistical parameters associated with variables, generalization, the efficacy individual components.ITA administered 3 individuals nonfluent following multiple-baseline,...

Abstract While much of the literature on bilingualism and cognition focuses group comparisons (monolinguals vs bilinguals or language learners controls), here we examine potential differential effects intensive learning subjects with distinct experiences demographic profiles. Using an individual differences approach, assessed attentional performance from 105 university-educated Gaelic aged 21–85. Participants were tested before after beginner, elementary, intermediate courses using tasks...

Abstract Studies examining the potential effects of bilingualism on interference suppression show inconsistent results. Our study approaches this topic by distinguishing two subcomponents within (i.e., Stimulus-Stimulus and Stimulus-Response conflict). We investigated through their operationalisation in different tasks examined role language proficiency modulating it. A sample 111 young adult participants performed four non-linguistic cognitive measuring both visual auditory domains control....

Research has shown that learning more than one language may have beneficial effects on executive functions, such as focused attention, inhibitory control, and switching between tasks. Evidence demonstrating these comes from studies with infants, children adults a range of combinations. Much less direct evidence exists regard to the bilingual experience acquiring regional minority languages. This study addresses question whether English-speaking attending Gaelic Medium Education in Scotland...

In two ERP experiments, we investigated whether readers prioritize animacy over real-world event-knowledge during sentence comprehension. We used the paradigm of Paczynski and Kuperberg (2012), who argued that is prioritized based on observations 'related anomaly effect' (reduced N400s for context-related anomalous words compared to unrelated words) does not occur violations, violations but relatedness elicit P600 effects. Participants read passive sentences with plausible agents (e.g., The...

The purpose of this study was to investigate whether symptoms attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) impact distraction by unexpected deviant sounds and vibrations. hypothesis a difference between individuals with low high ADHD symptom severity in deviance distraction. In cross-modal oddball task, we measured the to-be-ignored deviating auditory vibrotactile stimuli 45 adults. No observed groups their propensity for modalities using both frequentist Bayesian methods. vibrations on...

Background: Current research in theoretical linguistics, experimental psychology, and clinical aphasiology suggests that adjective training may facilitate unique aspects of language production functional communication persons with aphasia. Although considerable has been devoted to treatments targeting nouns verbs, there relatively little treatment directed towards adjectives.Aims: The goal this study was further investigate the viability aphasia by applying an integrated approach context...

Recent replication crises in psychology and other fields have led to intense reflection about the validity of common research practices. Much this has focussed on reporting standards, how they may be related questionable practices that could underlie a high proportion irreproducible findings published record. As developing field, it is particularly important for Experimental Philosophy avoid some pitfalls beset disciplines. To end, here we provide detailed, comprehensive assessment current...

Speakers must command different linguistic registers to index various social-discourse elements, including the identity of addressee. Previous work found that English-learning children could link appropriate addressees by 5 years. Two experiments better cues form or social meaning register improve 3-year-old children’s ability access their knowledge register. Experiment 1 contrasted acquiring English and Spanish, as Spanish provides more consistent grammatical through its pronoun system than...

The aim of this study was to investigate occupational cognitive complexity main lifetime occupation in relation level and 15-year change episodic memory recall a sample older adults (≥ 65 years, n = 780).We used latent growth curve modelling with (O*NET indicators) as independent variable.Subgroup analyses middle-aged (mean: 49.9 years) men (n 260) were additionally performed if general ability (g) factor at age 18 predictive future performance midlife.For the sample, higher related (β 0.15,...

There is evidence to suggest that finiteness marking on verbs and subject-auxiliary inversion are related phenomena in English. In contrast, Spanish there consistent with the apparently similar phenomenon of subject-verb being unrelated. both cases, most adduced comes from adult acceptability judgments other psycholinguistic work. present article, we child English supports interrelatedness English, but not Spanish. Specifically, show speakers who optional infinitive stage have variable...

Abstract The current study examined cognitive effects of two pathways second language (L2) acquisition longitudinally in Chinese speakers learning English an L2-dominant environment. Thirty-nine participants who attended intensive 10-week course (L2-instruction group) were compared to 38 regular university courses taught (L2-immersion group). Four repeated assessments conducted over 10 weeks: precourse (baseline) and postcourse assessments, interim every 3 weeks. Both groups matched on...

An increasing number of people around the world communicate in more than one language, resulting them having to make decisions a foreign language on daily basis. Interestingly, burgeoning body literature suggests that people’s decision-making is affected by whether they are reasoning their native (NL) or (FL). According effect (FLe), less susceptible bias many tasks and likely display utilitarian cost-benefit analysis moral when FL. While these differences have often been attributed reduced...