Abstract B chromosomes are supernumerary elements found in several groups of eukaryotes, including fungi, plants, and animals. Typically, these either originate from their hosts through errors meiosis or interspecifically horizontal transfer. While many primarily heterochromatic possess a low number coding genes, additional still capable transcribing sequences exerting influence on the expression host genes. How escape elimination which impacts can be promoted cell always intrigued...

Abstract Transposable elements are repetitive DNA sequences that excise or create copies inserted elsewhere in the genome. Their expansion shapes genome variability and evolution by impacting gene expression rearrangement rates. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi beneficial plant symbionts with large, transposable element-rich genomes, recent findings showed these vary significantly abundance, evolution, regulation among model strains. Here, we aimed to obtain a more comprehensive understanding of...

Repetitive DNA sequences, including tandem and dispersed repeats, comprise a large portion of eukaryotic genomes are important for gene regulation, sex chromosome differentiation, karyotype evolution. In Parodontidae, only the repetitive DNAs WAp pPh2004 rDNAs were previously studied using fluorescence in situ hybridization. This study aimed to build library Parodontidae. We isolated 40 clones Cot-1; 17 these exhibited similarity satellites, minisatellites, microsatellites, class I II...

Abstract Transposable elements (TEs) are repetitive DNA that can create genome structure and regulation variability. The of Rhizophagus irregularis, a widely studied arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus (AMF), comprises ∼50% sequences include TEs. Despite their abundance, two-thirds TEs remain unclassified, among AMF life stages remains unknown. Here, we aimed to improve our understanding TE diversity in this model species by curating repeat datasets obtained from chromosome-level assemblies...

Geosiphon pyriformis, a representative of the fungal sub-phylum Glomeromycotina, is unique in its endosymbiosis with cyanobacteria within cell. This symbiotic relationship occurs bladders containing nuclei G. Mollicutes-like bacterial endosymbionts (MRE), and photosynthetically active dividing cells Nostoc punctiforme. Recent genome analyses have shed light on biology but content remain unexplored. To fill this gap, we gathered examined metagenomic data from where N. punctiforme MRE are...

The karyotypes of three armored catfish species (Loricariidae) from the Iguaçu river, southern Brazil, were compared using different techniques: C-banding, Ag-NOR and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), which used 5S 18S rDNAs total Cot-1 fraction as probes. Hypostomus commersoni derbyi presented 2n = 68 chromosomes, with karyotype formulae 12m+12sm+14st+30a 12m+12sm+10st+34a, respectively; whereas myersi 74 chromosomes 12m+16sm+12st+34a. chromosomal localization Ag-NORs, differed...

Abstract Background B chromosomes (Bs) are extra elements observed in diverse eukaryotes, including animals, plants and fungi. Although Bs were first identified a century ago have been studied hundreds of species, their biology is still enigmatic. Recent advances omics big data technologies revolutionizing the field. These allow analyses DNA, RNA, proteins construction interactive networks for understanding composition behavior cell. Several genes detected on chromosomes, although...

Abstract Transposable elements (TEs) are repetitive DNA sequences that excise or create copies inserted elsewhere in the genome. Their expansion shapes genome variability and evolution by impacting gene expression rearrangement rates. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) beneficial plant symbionts with large, TE-rich genomes, recent findings showed these vary significantly abundance, evolution, regulation among model AMF strains. Here, we aimed to obtain a more comprehensive understanding of...

The Developmental Origins of Health and Disease (DOHaD) concept explores the link between exposure to adverse conditions during fetal early childhood development onset chronic non-communicable diseases, such as prostate cancer (PCa). Changes in epigenetics that control gene expression have been identified potential contributors developmental origin PCa. Piwi-interacting RNAs (piRNAs), for example, transposable elements (TEs) maintain genome integrity germ cells. However, stress-induced...

Abstract Ray-finned fishes represent the most diverse vertebrate lineage and show extensive variations in physiology, ways of life adaptations to marine freshwater environments. Actinopterygii are largely exploited for human consumption several species have been established as biological models. The vitro culture cells is fundamental fields research, being an alternative studies that use animals, since it mimics cellular homogeneity original organisms beyond advantage reducing variability...

Abstract Background B chromosomes are extra elements found in several eukaryote species. Usually, they do not express a phenotype the host. However, advances bioinformatics over last decades have allowed us to describe genes and molecular functions related chromosomes. These enable investigations of relationship between chromosome host understand how this element has been preserved genomes. considering that transposable (TEs) highly abundant supernumerary chromosome, there is lack knowledge...

Abstract Transposable elements (TE) are repetitive DNA that can create variability in genome structure and regulation. The of Rhizophagus irregularis , a widely studied arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus (AMF), comprises approximately 50% sequences include transposable (TE). Despite their abundance, two-thirds TE remain unclassified, regulation among AMF life-stages remains unknown. Here, we aimed to improve our understanding diversity this model species by curating repeat datasets obtained from...

OOs cromossomos supernumerários B são encontrados em uma variedade de organismos eucariotos e não seguem os padrões segregação da herança mendeliana. No ciclídeo Astatotilapia latifasciata esse cromossomo está presente ambos sexos. entanto, pouco se sabe sobre a função comportamento desse elemento. Este trabalho teve como objetivo compreender relação entre transcritos mRNA miRNA gônadas A. latifasciata, que possam estar ligadas ao fator sexo presença do B. Para construção micRNoma B+ B-...

Todos os eucariotos (protozoários, fungos, plantas e animais) têm genomas constituídos por cromossomos lineares com uma porção chamada de telômero em suas extremidades. Os telômeros possuem diversas funções, dentre elas proteger a integridade dos ao evitar que as extremidades se unam umas às outras; também estão associados processo envelhecimento, pois longo da vida do indivíduo vão encurtando diminuindo capacidade das células dividirem e, isso, muita gente imagina seria ótimo cientistas...