Abstract Photobiomodulation (PBM) by far-red (FR) to near-infrared (NIR) light has been demonstrated restore the function of damaged mitochondria, increase production cytoprotective factors and prevent cell death. Our laboratory shown that FR PBM improves functional structural outcomes in animal models retinal injury degenerative disease. The current study tested hypothesis a brief course NIR (830 nm) would preserve mitochondrial metabolic state attenuate photoreceptor loss model retinitis...

Tissues with high-energy demand including the heart are rich in energy-producing organelles, mitochondria, and sensitive to mitochondrial dysfunction. While alterations function increasingly recognized cardiovascular diseases, molecular mechanisms through which changes mitochondria lead abnormalities have not been fully elucidated. Here, we report that transgenic mice overexpressing a novel regulator of dynamics, transmembrane protein 135 (Tmem135), exhibit increased fragmentation disease...

Background: Diabetes is known to cause delayed wound healing, and chronic non-healing lower extremity ulcers may end with limb amputations mortalities. Given the increasing prevalence of diabetes mellitus worldwide, it critical focus on underlying mechanisms these debilitating wounds find novel therapeutic strategies thereby improve patient outcome. Methods: This study aims design a label-free optical fluorescence imager that captures metabolic indices (NADH FAD autofluorescence) monitors in...

Deterioration in mitochondrial function leads to hepatic ischemia and reperfusion injury (IRI) liver surgery transplantation. 3D optical cryoimaging was used measure the levels of coenzymes NADH FAD, their redox ratio (NADH/FAD) gave a quantitative marker for hepatocyte oxidative stress during IRI. Using rat model, five groups were compared: control, 60 or 90 minutes (Isc60, Isc90), followed by 24 hours (IRI60, IRI90). Ischemia alone did not cause significant increase ratio; however, both...

Whole thoracic irradiation (WTI) is known to cause deterioration in cardiac function. Whether predisposes the heart further ischemia and reperfusion (IR) injury not well known. The aim of this study examine susceptibility rat hearts IR following a single fraction 15 Gy WTI investigate role mitochondrial metabolism differential injury. After day 35 irradiation, ex vivo from irradiated nonirradiated rats (controls) were exposed 25-min global followed by 60-min IR, or perfused without for same...

Hyperglycemia affects retinal vascular cell function, promotes the development and progression of diabetic retinopathy ultimately causes vision loss. Oxidative stress, reactive oxygen species (ROS) in excess, is a key biomarker for retinopathy. Using time‐lapse fluorescence microscopy, ROS dynamics was monitored metabolic resistivity endothelial cells (REC) pericytes (RPC) compared under stress conditions including high glucose (HG). In presence mitochondrial stressor, REC exhibited...

Photobiomodulation (PBM) by far-red (FR) to near-infrared (NIR) light has been demonstrated accelerate diabetic wound healing in preclinical and clinical studies. Mitochondrial dysfunction oxidative stress play key roles impaired healing, the effect of PBM on metabolic state wounds remains be elucidated.In this study, a custom-designed vivo fluorescence imaging technique was used quantitatively assess FR-PBM mitochondrial bioenergetics wounds. The intrinsic two co-enzymes, nicotinamide...

Postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome (POTS) is a disabling condition characterized by intolerance with in the absence of drop-in blood pressure. A custom-built near-infrared spectroscopy device (NIRS) applied to monitor muscle oxygenation, noninvasively patients undergoing incremental head-up tilt table (HUT). Subjects (6 POTS and 6 healthy controls) underwent 30[Formula: see text]mins 70 ∘ on HUT. The results showed significant difference deoxyhemoglobin (Hb), change-in-oxygenation...

Significance: Three-dimensional (3D) vascular and metabolic imaging (VMI) of whole organs in rodents provides critical important (patho)physiological information studying animal models network. Aim: Autofluorescence has been used to evaluate mitochondrial metabolites such as nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) flavine (FAD). Leveraging these autofluorescence images rodents, we have developed a 3D segmentation technique delineate the anatomy vasculature well distribution. Approach: By...

Uninephrectomy (UNX) is known to result in structural and metabolic changes the remaining kidney, although it uncertain if this alters mitochondrial redox state how soon such may occur. A custom-designed fluorescence cryo-imaging technique was used quantitatively assess effect of UNX by measuring levels nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) flavin (FAD) kidney. Kidneys were snap-frozen 3 days following UNX, intrinsic NADH FAD optically acquired. The 3D images created characterize NADH/FAD...

Background: Mitochondrial <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\beta $ </tex-math></inline-formula> -oxidation of fatty acids is the primary energy source for heart and carried out by Hydroxy Acyl-CoA Dehydrogenase (HADH) encoded trifunctional protein. Mutations in genes encoding mitochondrial proteins result functionally defective protein complexes that contribute to deficiencies, excessive...

Enhanced histopathology of the immune system uses a precise, compartment-specific, and semi-quantitative evaluation lymphoid organs in toxicology studies. The assessment lymphocyte populations tissues is subject to sampling variability limited distinctive cytologic features subpopulations as seen with hematoxylin eosin (H&amp;E) staining. Although immunohistochemistry necessary for definitive characterization T- B-cell compartments, routine toxicologic assessments are based solely on H&amp;E...

Objective: This study utilizes fluorescence microscopy to assess the effect of oxygen tension on production reactive species (ROS) in mitochondria fetal pulmonary artery endothelial cells (FPAECs). Introduction: Hypoxia is a severe stress, which mostly causes irreversible injury lung cells. However, some studies, it reported that hypoxia decreases severity injuries. In this study, ROS level was examined hypoxic FPAECs treated with pentachlorophenol (PCP, uncoupler). work accomplished by...

In nonclinical toxicity studies, stage-aware evaluation is often expected to assess drug-induced testicular toxicity. Although does not require identification of specific stages, it important understand microscopic features spermatogenic staging. Staging the cycle in dogs a challenging and time-consuming process. this study, we first defined morphologic for eight stages standard histology sections (H&E slides) dog testes. For image analysis, key five stages/pooled stage groups (I-II, III-IV,...

Though angiogenesis has been investigated in depth, vascular regression and rarefaction remain poorly understood. Regression of renal vasculature accompanies many pathological states such as diabetes, hypertension, atherosclerosis, radiotherapy. Radiation decreases microvessel density multiple organs, though the mechanism is not known. By using a whole animal (rat) model with single dose partial body irradiation to kidney, changes volume were recorded at two time points, 60 90 days after...

Objective: This study utilizes fluorescence cryoimaging to quantitatively assess the effect of a high dose irradiation on rat renal metabolism through redox state. Introduction: Exposure doses could lead death, in part, due dysfunction. The kidney is one most sensitive organs that exhibit delayed injuries survivors acute radiation syndrome. In this study, optical was utilized examine potential for mitochondrial dysfunction after partial-body (PBI) and mitigating lisinopril-treatment, an...

Diabetes is known to cause delayed wound healing, and extremity diabetic ulcers may end with lower limb amputations mortalities. We examine the role of mitochondrial metabolism in mice healing. On-line label-free optical images metabolic indices (including NADH FAD) were captured vivo wounds over 5 days. The results suggest that diabetes alters redox state (%78 oxidized state) time due higher oxidative stress.

Uninephrectomy (UNX) is known to result in structural and metabolic changes the remaining kidney although it uncertain if this results mitochondrial redox state how soon such may occur. A custom designed fluorescence cryo‐imaging technique was used quantitatively assess effect of UNX on bioenergetics kidney. Responses were obtained kidneys normal Sprague Dawley (SD) rats, Dahl salt‐ sensitive (SS) SS rats which gene for NADPH‐oxidase isoform 4 (NOX4) knocked out (SS NOX4−/− ). Kidneys snap...

Optical cryo-imaging captured the metabolic redox state (NADH/FAD) of rat kidneys, quantitatively, post-uninephrectomy. The result shows a more oxidized mitochondrial bioenergetics remaining kidney due to increased oxidative stress.

3D vasculature of non-irradiated and irradiated lungs was extracted, 60 90 days after radiation using optical Cryo-imaging. Quantitative measurements show that the number terminal points vessel diameter, volume, decreases.