• The high-throughput phenotypic analysis of Arabidopsis thaliana collections requires methodological progress and automation. Methods to impose stable reproducible soil water deficits are presented were used analyse plant responses stress. Several potential complications difficulties identified, including the spatial temporal variability micrometeorological conditions within a growth chamber, difference in depletion rates between accessions differences developmental stage same time after...

Thaxtomin A, a phytotoxin produced by Streptomyces eubacteria, is suspected to act as natural cellulose synthesis inhibitor. This view confirmed the results obtained from new chemical, molecular, and microscopic analyses of Arabidopsis thaliana seedlings treated with thaxtomin A. Cell wall analysis shows that A reduces crystalline cellulose, increases pectins hemicellulose in cell wall. Treatment also changes expression genes involved primary secondary well associated pectin metabolism...

Grafting is particularly important to the cultivation of perennial crops such as grapevine (Vitis vinifera) because rootstocks can provide resistance soil-borne pests and diseases well improve tolerance some abiotic stresses. Successful grafting a complex biochemical structural process beginning with adhesion two grafted partners, followed by callus formation establishment functional vascular system. At molecular level, sequence events underlying graft union remains largely uncharacterized....

Although grafting is widely used in the agriculture of fruit-bearing crops, little known about graft union formation particular when two different species are grafted together. It fascinating that plant brought together can develop harmoniously as one organism for many decades. The objective this study was to determine whether grapevine genotypes alters gene expression at interface comparison presumably wound-like changes induced autografts. Gene studied 3, 7, 14, and 28 d after hetero-...

In order to cope with phylloxera, most grapes worldwide must be grafted on a rootstock. Furthermore, grapevine rootstocks are an essential underground structure for the plant face various pests and diseases adapt different types of soil. This review focuses existing information about rootstock properties in relation adaptation biotic abiotic stress factors. The main focus will given resistance phylloxera nematodes. Abiotic factors, including drought, salinity lime-induced chlorosis, also...

ABSTRACT Genetic variability in the plasticity of leaf area expansion response to water deficit has been reported Arabidopsis thaliana . Here, objective was identify underlying dynamic and cellular processes involved this variability. Twenty‐five accessions were subjected identical soil treatments. In all accessions, production low compared with that individual expansion. A subset selected for further dissection into its variables: rate duration epidermal cell number area. had opposite...

ABSTRACT Leaf area expansion is affected by environmental conditions because of differences in cell number and/or size. Increases the DNA content (ploidy) a endoreduplication are related to its The aim this work was determine how ploidy interacts with regulation size and leaf expansion. approach used grow Arabidopsis thaliana plants performing increased or decreased rounds under shading water deficit. deficit treatments reduced final number; however, decreased, respectively. These were...

Background and Aims: Grafting is used in viticulture worldwide. Rootstocks are known to alter scion development or 'confer vigour' varying degrees. This work examines scion/rootstock interactions young grafted grapevines. Its aim was determine the effects of rootstock genotypes on biomass allocation within plant. Methods Results: Five months after grafting, between root shoot measured for all combinations made three Vitis genotypes. The genotype explained highest percentage non-random...

Grafting is widely used in the agriculture of fruit-bearing crops; rootstocks are known to confer differences scion biomass addition improving other traits agricultural interest. However, little about effect on gene expression. The objective this study was determine whether hetero-grafting grapevine variety Vitis vinifera cv. 'Cabernet Sauvignon N’ with two different alters expression shoot apex comparison auto-grafted control. Cabernet hetero-grafted commercial rootstock genotypes and...

Microelectrode measurements can be used to investigate both the intracellular pools of ions and membrane transport processes single living cells. Microelectrodes report these in surface layers root leaf cells intact plants. By careful manipulation plant, a minimum disruption is produced therefore information obtained from most probably represents 'in vivo' situation. assay for activity particular systems plasma Compartmental concentrations inorganic metabolite have been measured by several...

Microelectrode measurements can be used to investigate both the intracellular pools of ions and membrane transport processes single living cells. Microelectrodes report these in surface layers root leaf cells intact plants. By careful manipulation plant, a minimum disruption is produced therefore information obtained from most probably represents 'in vivo' situation. assay for activity particular systems plasma Compartmental concentrations inorganic metabolite have been measured by several...

• Background and Aims It is well known that plant aerial development affected by light intensity in terms of the date flowering, length stems petioles, final individual leaf area. The aim work presented here was to analyse how shade-induced changes occur on a dynamic basis from whole rosette level cells.

ABA-mediated processes are involved in plant responses to water deficit, especially the control of stomatal opening. However grapevine it is not known if these participate phenotypic variation drought adaptation existing between genotypes. To elucidate this question, response short-term water-deficit was analysed roots and shoots nine Vitis genotypes differing their field. The transcript abundance 12 genes ABA biosynthesis, catabolism, signalling were monitored, together with physiological...

In many fruit species, including grapevine, grafting is used to improve scion productivity and quality adapt the plant environmental conditions. However, mechanisms underlying rootstock control of development are still poorly understood. The ability rootstocks regulate nitrogen uptake assimilation may contribute this control. A split-root system was grow heterografted grapevines investigate molecular responses changes in nitrate availability two known affect growth differently. Transcriptome...

Background and Aims Both rootstocks mineral nutrition, particularly nitrogen (N), are known to affect many aspects of plant development including the control scion vigour. In this study, we investigated role rootstock genotype in grafted grapevine responses N supply terms root leaf ionomes, vigour whole biomass. Methods Results Vitis vinifera cv. Cabernet Sauvignon was on two genotypes confer high low Plants were grown for 60 days under three levels nitrate supply. Stem, leaf, trunk biomass,...

Background and aims: In most viticultural areas of the world, Vitis vinifera grapevines require grafting onto phylloxera-tolerant rootstocks American origin. The species commonly used in rootstock creation are berlandieri, V. riparia rupestris. Rootstocks not only provide tolerance to phylloxera but also ensure supply water mineral nutrients scion. aim study was investigate extent which with different genetic backgrounds modify composition petioles scion.Methods results: cv....

ABSTRACT Leaf development is affected by both internal (genetic) and external (environmental) regulatory factors. The aim of this work was to investigate how leaf growth variables are related one another in a range environments. wild‐type Arabidopsis thaliana mutants ( ang4 , ron2‐1 elo1 elo2 elo4 ) were studied under different incident light treatments (light shade). leaves altered various variables, such as the duration expansion, relative absolute expansion rates, epidermal cell size,...

Several different cellular processes determine the size of metabolically available nitrate pool in cytoplasm. These include not only ion fluxes across plasma membrane and tonoplast but also assimilation by activity reductase (NR). In roots, maintenance cytosolic during periods starvation resupply (M. van der Leij, S.J. Smith, A.J. Miller [1998] Planta 205: 64-72; R.-G. Zhen, H.-W. Koyro, R.A. Leigh, A.D. Tomos, [1991] 185: 356-361) suggests that this is regulated. Under nitrate-replete...

Plant aerial development is well known to be affected by day length in terms of the timing and developmental stage floral transition. Arabidopsis thaliana a 'long day' plant which time flower delayed short days leaf number increased. The aim work presented here was determine effects different lengths on individual area expansion. effect emergence per se regulation expansion also tested this study.

Abstract To investigate whether the transcriptional response to carbon (C) depletion and sucrose resupply depends on duration severity of C depletion, Arabidopsis seedlings were grown in liquid culture harvested 3, 6, 12, 24, 48 72 h after removing from medium 30 min resupplying at each time. Expression profiling revealed early inhibition cell wall synthesis remodelling signalling, followed by induction recycling photosynthesis general growth. The temporal sequence differed published...