Abstract Archaeological glass contains information about the movement of goods and ancient economies, yet our understanding critical aspects industry is fragmentary. During Roman times, distinct types produced in coastal regions Egypt Levant used evaporitic soda (natron) mixed with Nile-derived sands. In Levant, furnaces for producing colourless by addition manganese have been uncovered, whereas source desirable antimony-decolourised remains an enigma. Edict Diocletian, this listed as “...

Significance Understanding how people in the past adapted to environmental and economic challenges can help us anticipate meet these present. However, very processes threaten physical remains embodying this information worldwide: Urban expansion resource exploitation mean that quantity quality of archaeological are diminishing daily. In work, we demonstrate multitemporal aerial photography modern airborne laser scanning invaluable tools for mapping remaining features extant present adding...

Abstract Twenty‐two objects of glass from the Decapolis city Gerasa, N. Jordan, with characteristic vessel forms ranging Hellenistic to Early Islamic (2nd century BCE 8th CE) were analyzed for major and trace elements, 16 samples Sr‐isotopes. The majority produced in vicinity Apollonia on Palestine coast 6th–7th centuries CE, strong inter‐element correlations Fe, Ti, Mn, Mg, Nb reflect local variations accessory minerals glassmaking sand. ubiquity recycling is reflected elevated...

Major and trace elements are presented for 149 glass fragments ranging in date from the Roman to Early Islamic periods (1st – mid-8th centuries CE), excavated during Danish-German Jerash Northwest Quarter Project's fieldwork between 2011 2016. The results confirm a clear dominance of Levantine types, but also reveal 12 glasses Egyptian Mesopotamian compositions recovered two houses destroyed by major earthquake which hit parts Levant January 749 CE. These closed undisturbed contexts final...

The nature and extent of the urban development Roman Gerasa (modern Jerash) has for decades been a topic discussion among scholars studying settlement patterns as well public private life in empire. Research has, however, mostly focused on city along its main street. aim new archaeological project, which was initiated 2011, is to investigate history Northwest Quarter Jerash through all periods. Following an architectural geophysical survey, two excavation campaigns have undertaken. Quarter,...

Jerash (Gerasa) in northwestern Jordan is an important Decapolis city displaying urban development for more than a millennium beginning the late Hellenistic period (1st century CE). Despite hundred years of archaeological explorations at site there are still major questions about city's which left open due to nature investigations undertaken site. This particular pertains extension Roman period. During by Danish–German Northwest Quarter Project since 2011 it has become clear that this area...

Abstract Throughout Antiquity magical amulets written on papyri, lead and silver were used for apotropaic reasons. While papyri often can be unrolled deciphered, metal scrolls, usually very thin tightly rolled up, cannot easily without damaging the metal. This leaves us with unreadable results due to damage done or decision not unroll scroll. The texts vary greatly tell about cultural environment local as well individual practices at a variety of locations across Mediterranean. Here we...

Depuis 2011, le Projet germano-danois du quartier nord-ouest de Gerasa mène des recherches archéologiques sur la zone plus élevée l’ancienne ville enceinte. En 2014, les fouilles ont débuté « terrasse orientale », qui s’étend environ 3 000 m2 et surplombe l’Artémision d’époque romaine. Cette était recouverte par d’importants déblais enfermaient vestiges d’un habitat domestique début l’époque islamique, détruit tremblement terre 749 jamais réoccupé depuis. Une maison privée a été en partie...

This interdisciplinary study addresses issues of urban-riverine hinterland relationships in semi-arid environments over millennia at Gerasa/Jerash Jordan, presenting research that stimulates new lines enquiry with much broader implications than those relating to this single site. Through the presentation data on wadi-sediment responses social and environmental change, we assess ways which urban settlements, their hinterlands, rivers interact long time periods how such changes may be read...

Abstract

Jerash in northern Jordan was, despite a focus on its classical heritage, also active the Middle Islamic period, but little is known about actual developments during this period. This study represents first glazed pottery from site using scanning electron microscopy energy‐dispersive spectrometry (SEM‐EDS) and thin‐section petrography. The results show that two production traditions existed, each with different provenances. local characterized by non‐calcareous ceramic body use of high‐lead...

New compositional and metallographic data are presented for the fourth to eighth century CE copper coins from Northwest Quarter of Gerasa/Jerash, Jordan. The majority small alloy nummi minimi Late Roman Byzantine periods. Also represented pre-reform post-reform fulūs minted under Umayyad dynasty. Seventy-one (55 Roman, 4 Byzantine, 3 9 post-reform) were characterised using optical microscopy micro-X-ray fluorescence (μ-XRF) spectroscopy. Lead (Pb) isotopes measured a subset coins. We find...

Metallographic, chemical and lead isotopic analyses of copper-based artefacts recovered from the Northwest Quarter in Jerash (ancient Gerasa) Jordan provide new information on civic life material culture a key urban site Roman Empire's eastern provinces. The samples span city's occupation its flourishing under rule into Byzantine early Islamic periods. We examined 49 using reflected light microscopy micro-X-ray fluorescence. A subset these was analysed by electron microprobe spectroscopy for...

Laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) analyses of loose glass tesserae from the Northwest Quarter Gerasa/Jerash has enhanced our understanding dynamics regulating production and circulation in second- to eighth-centuries ce Jordan diachronic development mosaics at site. The identification Levantine Egyptian compositions (Roman-Mn, I, HIMT, Foy 2.1) proves continuous second seventh centuries. I were made by recycling colouring cullet. gilded tesserae,...

This paper offers an insight into the characteristics of local pottery production and exchange at Artaxata, modern Armenia, from 2nd century BCE to 1st CE, drawing stratigraphic, typological technological evidence. The assemblage under study derives Armenian-German Artaxata Project, a collaboration between Armenian Academy Sciences University Münster since 2018. excavation various structures Hill XIII its adjacent plain, with particular focus on Complexes A B, reveals change in ceramic...

Abstract The Danish-German Jerash Northwest Quarter Project revealed a robust and striking pattern of the extreme dominance (>99%) locally produced ceramics over six centuries across different depositional contexts (in total half million pottery sherds). archaeology points towards an exceptional degree self-sufficiency in craft products: why? project team implemented full quantification approach during excavation, manually digitally recording counting all other classes artefacts. This...

Mudbrick constructions are extremely common in ancient western Asia, including the 1st millennium structures of southern Caucasus and Armenian highlands. However, geoarchaeological study these materials to provide insight into building practices social structure is a topic little researched, especially when focusing on longue durée. Artashat/Artaxata (Ararat region, Armenia) was capital Kingdom Artaxiads, founded eighties 2nd century BC, but even before this site occupied Chalcolithic...

Abstract