ZnO thin films in nanorod (NR) and nanoflower (NF) morphologies were used as photoelectrode scaffolds for efficient visible-light-driven photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting process, where their decoration with copper indium gallium sulfide (CIGS) (${\mathrm{In}}_{2}{\mathrm{S}}_{3}$) layers resulted significant PEC performance enhancement. NF/CIGS/${\mathrm{In}}_{2}{\mathrm{S}}_{3}$ photoelectrodes exhibited a remarkably high efficiency ($\ensuremath{\sim}6.0%$ applied bias...

In this paper, a practical method for designing of passive transmission lines (PTLs) in different widths ranging from 5 to 20 μm with their respective driver and receiver circuits is demonstrated. The striplines were simulated microwave analyzing tool equivalent circuit models extracted. Then, model used design the by analytical calculations. Circuits fabricated at AIST STP2 process bias margins bit error rates measured closed cycle cryocooler system. order compensate critical current's...

Neuromorphic computing and artificial neurons have been shown to improve the solution for some of complex problems conventional computers. We present a spiking soma Josephson junction-based (JJ-Soma) circuit that consists double-junction SQUID interfered with resistor (threshold loop), decaying superconductor loop cut by resistor, which is coupled SQUIDlike structure. The proposed has three main properties: 1) ultrahigh-speed operation minimal power consumption; 2) compatibility standard...

We propose a single-flux-quantum (SFQ) based readout circuit for transition edge sensor (TES) array X-ray radiation detection. Utilization of SFQ circuits this purpose enables large-scale integration TESs due to very high speed processing ability the received signals and using an already established integrated design environment. utilize cooling time dependence TES on incident energy. Time digital conversion is made by quasi-one-junction SQUID (QOS), which works as 1-bit comparator with...

Successful fabrication and demonstration of complex Rapid Single Flux Quantum (RSFQ) circuits depend heavily on the reliability cell library that is used for design. In large-scale RSFQ integrated circuits, delay fluctuations (jitter) each may occur due to tolerances. The fabrication-induced jitter might accumulate at stage bring out larger variations comparable with designed delay. If such not considered while arranging timing circuit, it cause circuit malfunction shifting SFQ pulses....

Rapid single flux quantum technology is one of the most promising developments for future high-speed microprocessors, network routers, and analog-to-digital converters. This based on well-timed signals fast signal transmission. However, as complexity circuits or operating frequency these increase, it becomes harder to achieve a successful timing scheme. Another case that prevents thermal noise, which more significant with increase number cells. Earlier studies noise analysis show variations...

Abstract Neural networks and neuromorphic computing represent fundamental paradigms as alternative approaches to Von-Neumann-based implementations, advancing in the applications of deep learning machine vision. Nonetheless, conventional semiconductor circuits encounter challenges achieving ultra-fast processing speed low power consumption due their dissipative properties. Conversely, single flux quantum exhibit inherent spiking behavior, showcasing characteristics a promising candidate for...

Artificial neural networks inspired by brain operations can improve the possibilities of solving complex problems more efficiently. Today's computing hardware, on other hand, is mainly based von Neumann architecture and CMOS technology, which inefficient at implementing networks. For first time, we propose an ultrahigh speed, spiking neuromorphic processor built upon single flux quantum (SFQ) artificial neurons (JJ-Neuron). Proposed has potential to provide higher performance power...

Considering the two main categories of rapid single flux quantum gates with destructive and nondestructive readout process, we have investigated effects cell topology involved critical parameters on proper functionality stability states newly developed bidirectional T flip-flops (TFFs). It is observed that instabilities fluctuations in state gate (memory TFF) after each transition determine minimum time intervals between clock pulses set by ac bias current, further limiting ultimate...

<para xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> We study a single-shot single-flux-quantum (SFQ) readout circuit based on current-to-time conversion for superconducting flux qubits. Circulating currents representing states of qubit were converted to propagation delay time SFQ pulses, and then detected by discriminator. The key parameter which determines the availability is current resolution. evaluated resolution measuring gray zone was...

High-performance computing that involves superconducting digital circuits is one of the promising technologies. A number groups have already demonstrated working prototypes CPUs or ALUs. However, bottlenecks these it very difficult to large memories with high speed and low-power consumption. One potential candidates compatible available foundries might enable on-chip memory vortex transitional (VTM) cell. VTM operation mainly based on dc I/O rather than single-flux quantum I/O. cell four...

Todays superconductor integrated circuits are increasingly taking part in various fields, such as processors, detector read-out systems and communication systems. As the circuit complexities increase, importance of robust practical simulation software increases. However, at moment, tools used for design mostly made up by modifying semiconductor technology. These generally doesn't consider effects that may cause timing variances fabrication spread over values thermal noise. Earlier studies...

Bolometric response and noise characteristics of YBCO superconductor transition edge IR detectors with relatively sharp its resulting detectivity are investigated both theoretically experimentally. The magnitude a fabricated device was obtained for different bias currents modulation frequencies. Also dependency intrinsic the on current in vicinity critical temperature studied various values chopping Using measured calculated bolometric characteristics, we found analyzed versus frequency...

Bolometric response and noise characteristics of YBCO superconductor transition edge IR detectors with relatively sharp its resulting detectivity are investigated both theoretically experimentally. The magnitude a fabricated device was obtained for different bias currents modulation frequencies. Using the measured calculated bolometric characteristics, we found analyzed versus frequency currents. chopping did not decrease following strongly, due to at higher frequencies up 1 kHz, in maximum...

We evaluated the relationship between gray zone width and operating margin for comparators composed of quasi-one-junction superconducting quantum interference devices (QOSs) with shunt resistors, which are often used as high-speed readout circuits in multiple superconductor detector systems. The is a good measure current sensitivity single-bit comparator. numerically analyzed QOS comparator determined circuit parameters. obtained from experiments concurred results numerical analysis was 2–3...

We report demonstration of a readout circuit with high-throughput single flux quantum (SFQ) based encoders for large-scale video imaging system conventional frame rate. The are fully parallel and integrated on the same chip as linear arrays serially connected superconductor stripline detectors (SSLDs), superconducting interference device (SQUID) comparators, SFQ synchronizers. Mutual coupling SSLDs SQUID-based comparators allows use only one dc bias line; it is possible to thousands without...

Abstract The many advantages of cryogenically cooled single-flux quantum (SFQ) circuits imply that the high speed and low voltage output signals must be amplified interfaced with standard electronics. State-of-the-art low-noise wide-band amplifiers are required to interface room temperature One solution is place preamplifiers at cryogenic stage, which requires specific semiconductor design fabrication. However, a more viable energy-efficient approach integrate pulsed logic circuit stages...

Step edge grain boundary (GB) junctions and rf-SQUIDs have been made using pulsed laser deposited Y-Ba-Cu-O films on crystalline LaAlO/sub 3/ substrates. The steps were developed various ion-beam etching processes resulting in sharp ramp type step structures. Sharp based GB showed behavior of serial with resistively shunted junction (RSJ)-like I-V characteristics. ramped structures resulted relatively high critical current, I/sub c/, noisy SQUIDs. low noise a level below 140 fT/Hz/sup 1/2/...