A5003177015- Chromosomal and Genetic Variations
- CRISPR and Genetic Engineering
- Genomics and Phylogenetic Studies
- RNA and protein synthesis mechanisms
- RNA Research and Splicing
- Plant Virus Research Studies
- Genomics and Chromatin Dynamics
- Epigenetics and DNA Methylation
- Advanced biosensing and bioanalysis techniques
- Animal Genetics and Reproduction
- Cancer-related gene regulation
- RNA modifications and cancer
- Genetics, Aging, and Longevity in Model Organisms
- Developmental Biology and Gene Regulation
- Silk-based biomaterials and applications
- Nutrition, Genetics, and Disease
- Plant Molecular Biology Research
- Physiological and biochemical adaptations
- RNA Interference and Gene Delivery
- Animal Disease Management and Epidemiology
- Modular Robots and Swarm Intelligence
- T-cell and Retrovirus Studies
- Cellular transport and secretion
- Insect symbiosis and bacterial influences
- Microtubule and mitosis dynamics
Institut de Génétique Humaine
2014-2025
Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique
2013-2025
Université de Montpellier
2018-2025
Institute of Genetics and Cancer
2004-2005
MRC Human Genetics Unit
2004-2005
The colinearity of genes in Hox clusters suggests a role for chromosome structure gene regulation. We reveal programmed changes chromatin and nuclear organization upon induction Hoxb expression by retinoic acid. There is an early increase the histone modifications that are marks active at both expressed Hoxb1, also Hoxb9 not until much later. visible decondensation between Hoxb1 this stage. However, further change higher-order structure, looping out from territory, occurs synchrony with...
The spatial and temporal co-linear expression of Hox genes during development is an exquisite example programmed gene expression. precise mechanisms underpinning this are not known. Analysis Hoxb chromatin structure nuclear organisation, the differentiation murine ES cells, has lent support to idea that there a progressive 'opening' propagated through clusters from 3'to 5', which contributes sequential activation Here, we show similar events occur in vivo at least two stages development....
The maintenance of genome integrity is an essential trait to the successful transmission genetic information. In animal germ cells, piRNAs guide PIWI proteins silence transposable elements (TEs) in order maintain integrity. insects, most TE silencing germline achieved by secondary that are produced a feed-forward loop (the ping-pong cycle), which requires piRNA-directed cleavage two types RNAs: mRNAs functional euchromatic TEs and heterochromatic transcripts contain defective sequences....
The Piwi-interacting RNA (piRNA) pathway plays an essential role in the repression of transposons germline. Other functions piRNAs such as post-transcriptional regulation mRNAs are now emerging. Here, we perform iCLIP with PIWI protein Aubergine (Aub) and identify hundreds maternal interacting Aub early Drosophila embryo. Gene expression profiling reveals that a proportion these undergo Aub-dependent destabilization during maternal-to-zygotic transition. Strikingly, unstable encode germ cell...
Germline silencing of transposable elements is essential for the maintenance genome integrity. Recent results indicate that this repression largely achieved through a RNA pathway involves Piwi-interacting RNAs (piRNAs). However repressive mechanisms are not well understood. To address question, we used possibility to disrupt Drosophila I element retrotransposon by hybrid dysgenesis. We show here functional located in euchromatin requires proteins piRNA pathway, and amount ovarian piRNAs...
Transposable Element MOnitoring with LOng-reads (TrEMOLO) is a new software that combines assembly- and mapping-based approaches to robustly detect genetic elements called transposable (TEs). Using high- or low-quality genome assemblies, TrEMOLO can most TE insertions deletions estimate their allele frequency in populations. Benchmarking simulated data revealed outperforms other state-of-the-art computational tools. detection estimation by were validated using experimental datasets....
Transposable elements (TEs) are the main components of genomes. However, due to their repetitive nature, they very difficult study using data obtained with short-read sequencing technologies. Here, we describe an efficient pipeline accurately recover TE insertion (TEI) sites and sequences from long reads by Oxford Nanopore Technology (ONT) sequencing. With this pipeline, could precisely landscapes most recent TEIs in wild-type strains
The specific role of chromatin modifying factors in the timely execution transcriptional changes gene expression to regulate organ size remains largely unknown. Here, we report that Drosophila melanogaster depletion histone demethylase dLsd1 results reduction wing size. affects cell proliferation and causes an increase DNA damage death. Mechanistically, have identified Transposable Elements (TEs) as critical targets for determination. We found upon loss many TE families are upregulated, new...
Transposable elements (TEs) are parasitic DNA sequences that threaten genome integrity by replicative transposition in host gonads. The Piwi-interacting RNAs (piRNAs) pathway is assumed to maintain Drosophila homeostasis downregulating transcriptional and post-transcriptional TE expression the ovary. However, bursts of expected follow transposome derepression after piRNA impairment have not yet been reported. Here, we show, at a genome-wide level, loss ovarian somatic cells boosts several...
Abstract In eukaryotes, trimethylation of lysine 9 on histone H3 (H3K9) is associated with transcriptional silencing transposable elements (TEs). drosophila ovaries, this heterochromatic repressive mark thought to be deposited by SetDB1 TE genomic loci after the initial recognition nascent transcripts PIWI-interacting RNAs (piRNAs) loaded Piwi protein. Here, we show that nucleosome remodeler Mi-2, in complex its partner MEP-1, forms a subunit transiently associated, MEP-1...
Abstract Crosses between close species can lead to genomic disorders, often considered be the cause of hybrid incompatibility, one initial steps in speciation process. How these incompatibilities are established and what their causes remain unclear. To understand initiation we performed reciprocal crosses two Drosophila ( D. mojavensis arizonae ) that diverged less than 1 Mya. We a genome-wide transcriptomic analysis on ovaries from parental lines hybrids crosses. Using an innovative...
Interspecific hybridization is a genomic stress condition that leads to the activation of transposable elements (TEs) in both animals and plants. In hybrids between Drosophila buzzatii koepferae, mobilization at least 28 TEs has been described. However, molecular mechanisms underlying this TE release remain poorly understood. To give insight on causes activation, we performed transcriptomic analysis ovaries (notorious for playing major role silencing) parental species their F1 backcrossed...
RNA interference-related silencing mechanisms concern very diverse and distinct biological processes, from gene regulation (via the microRNA pathway) to defense against molecular parasites (through small interfering Piwi-interacting pathways). Small non-coding RNAs serve as specificity factors that guide effector proteins ribonucleic acid targets via base-pairing interactions, achieve transcriptional or post-transcriptional regulation. Because of sequence complementarity required for...
Adult T cell leukemia (ATL) is an aggressive malignancy secondary to chronic infection by the human T-cell virus type 1 (HTLV-1) infection. Two viral proteins, Tax and HBZ, play central roles in ATL leukemogenesis. expression transforms cells vitro induces ATL-like disease mice. also a rough eye phenotype increases hemocyte count Drosophila melanogaster , indicative of transformation. Among multiple functions, modulates enhancer zeste homolog 2 (EZH2), methyltransferase Polycomb Repressive...
A report on the 'Non-coding RNA, epigenetics and transgenerational inheritance' meeting, Churchill College, Cambridge, UK, 11-12 April 2013.
Summary Transposable elements (TEs), widespread genetic parasites, pose potential threats to the stability of their host genomes. Hence, interactions observed today between TEs and genomes, as well among different TE species coexisting in same host, likely reflect those that did not lead extinction either or TEs. It is clear what extent expression integration steps replication cycles are involved this ‘peaceful’ coexistence. Here, we show four Drosophila LTR RetroTransposable Elements...
Non-long terminal repeat retrotransposons, widespread among eukaryotic genomes, transpose by reverse transcription of an RNA intermediate. Some them, like L1 in the human, terminate at 3′-end with a poly(dA) stretch whereas others, I factor Drosophila melanogaster, have instead short sequence repeated tandem. This suggests different requirements for initiation transcription. Here, we used circularization/reverse transcription-PCR technique to analyze 5′- and 3′-ends full-length transcripts...
Abstract Several studies have recently shown that the activity of some eukaryotic transposable elements is sensitive to presence homologous transgenes, suggesting involvement homology-dependent genesilencing mechanisms in their regulation. Here we provide data indicating two non-LTR retrotransposons Drosophila melanogaster are themselves natural triggers gene silencing. We show that, female germline D. melanogaster, fragments from R1 or I can mediate silencing chimeric transcription units...