A key challenge to the future of energy-harvesting systems is discontinuous power supply that often generated. We propose a new approach, Hibernus, which enables computation be sustained during intermittent supply. The approach has low energy and time overhead achieved by reactively hibernating: saving system state only once, when about lost, then sleeping until recovers. validate experimentally on processor with FRAM nonvolatile memory, allowing it hibernate using stored in its decoupling...

Energy harvesters are being used to power autonomous systems, but their output is variable and intermittent. To sustain computation, these systems integrate batteries or supercapacitors smooth out rapid changes in harvester output. storage devices require time for charging increase the size, mass, cost of systems. The field transient computing moves away from this approach, by powering system directly prevent an application having restart computation after a outage, approaches such as...

Transient computing systems do not have energy storage, and operate directly from harvesting. These are often faced with the inherent challenge of low-current or transient power supply. In this paper, we propose "power-neutral" operation, a new paradigm for such systems, whereby instantaneous consumption system must match harvested power. Power neutrality is achieved using control algorithm dynamic frequency scaling, modulating performance gracefully in response to incoming Detailed model...

The recent research efforts in smart grids and residential power management are oriented to monitor pervasively the consumption of appliances domestic non-domestic buildings. Knowing status a grid is fundamental keep high reliability levels while real time monitoring electric important minimize waste buildings lower overall energy cost. Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) key enabling technology for this application field because they consist low-power, non-invasive cost-effective intelligent...

Systems operating from harvested sources typically integrate batteries or supercapacitors to smooth out rapid changes in harvester output. However, such energy storage devices require time for charging and increase the size, mass cost of system. A recent approach address this is power systems directly output, termed transient computing. To solve problem having restart computation start due power-cycles, a number techniques have been proposed deal with sources. In paper, we quantitatively...

Energy harvesting sensor systems typically incorporate energy buffers (e.g., rechargeable batteries and supercapacitors) to accommodate fluctuations in supply. However, the presence of these elements limits miniaturization devices. In recent years, researchers have proposed a new paradigm, transient computing, where operate directly from source allow computation span across power cycles, without adding buffers. Various computing approaches addressed challenge intermittency by retaining...

Widespread and pervasive IoT adoption is threatened by finite-capacity batteries of wireless devices. To mitigate this issue, energy harvesting (EH) power transfer (WPT), in addition to energy-efficient communication techniques, have been widely explored. Although these efforts achieved longevity some extent, ever-evolving services seek fully autonomous things without constraints. meet demand relieve the ongoing networking challenges, we propose a new concept called Internet MIMO Things...

The recent research efforts in smart grids and residential power management are oriented to monitor pervasively the consumption of appliances domestic non-domestic buildings. Knowing status a grid is fundamental keep high reliability levels while real time monitoring electric important minimize waste buildings lower overall energy cost. Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) key enabling technology for this application field because they consist low-power, non-invasive cost-effective intelligent...

The analysis of voltage and current waveforms is important for estimating the quality electric power system. In this paper we propose a non-invasive approach measuring waveform conductive elements such as wires or cables. This non-intrusive sensor does not require any electrical contact to mains electricity, which makes measurement much safer easy. measured by exploiting coupling-capacitance elements. With approach, harmonic content amplitude signal evaluated transmitted. We also present...

Over the past decade, there has been a rapid increase in popularity of wearable and portable devices, such as step counters, to monitor fitness performance. However, these devices are battery-powered, meaning that their lifetimes restricted by battery capacity. Ideally, could be powered energy harvested from human motion. Energy harvesting systems traditionally incorporate storage cope with source variability. takes time charge increases size cost systems. This paper proposes an...

The promise of smart cities offers the potential to change way we live, and refers integration IoT systems for people-centred applications, together with collection processing data, associated decision making. Central realization this are wearable autonomous computing systems. There considerable challenges that exist in space require research across different areas electronics computer science; it is multidisciplinary consideration novel paper. We consider these from perspectives, involving...

Energy efficiency in smart buildings requires distributed sensing infrastructure to monitor the power consumption of appliances, machines and lighting sources. The analysis current voltage waveforms is fundamental for gathering diagnostic information about quality reducing wastage. Moreover, it enables Non-intrusive Load Monitoring (NILM), which process disaggregating a household's total electricity into its contributing by analysing changes. In this paper, an innovative full Energy-neutral...

Transient computing enables application execution to be performed despite power outages. Although it handles the non-deterministic nature of energy harvesting (EH), sensor systems envisioned by IoT seek more costand volume-effective solutions, which are better tailored requirements. Additionally, a major drawback transient computing, keeping track time, hinders its widespread adoption in IoT. To overcome these challenges, this paper proposes control flow for combining two state-of-the-art...

Monitoring the structural health and local climate of historical heritage buildings may be a hard task for civil engineers assessing energy efficiency environment, due to lack pre-existing monitoring model, presence deployments with strict installation constraints. This paper reports on experience gathered during an European Project (3ENCULT - Efficient Energy EU Cultural Heritage) regarding design implementation innovative technological network buildings. We present hardware software...

Transiently-powered embedded systems are emerging to enable computation be sustained during intermittent supply, without the need for large energy buffers such as batteries or supercapacitors. To deal with nature of input source, these save system state (i.e. registers and main memory) Non-Volatile Memory (NVM) before a power failure, restore it when supply recovers. Existing approaches normally entire upon but this is both time consuming. In paper, we analyse existing identify their...

The emerging class of transient computing systems enables computation to be sustained despite power outages due the variable nature energy harvesting. However, existing approaches are largely designed for specific architectures, and hence not broadly applicable across different IoT devices. Emerging platforms based on portable, hardware-independent software should rely lightweight operating (OSs) specifically embedded applications, such as Arm mbed OS Contiki OS. To enable widespread use...

Power modelling is important for modern CPUs to inform power management approaches and allow design space exploration. simulators, combined with a full-system architectural simulator such as gem5, enable power-performance trade-offs be investigated early in the of system different configurations (e.g number cores, cache size, etc.). However, accuracy existing McPAT, known low due abstraction specification errors, this can lead incorrect research conclusions. In paper, we present an accurate...

Recent research has looked to supplement or even replace the batteries in embedded computing systems with energy harvesting, where is derived from device’s environment. However, such supplies are generally unpredictable and highly variable, hence typically incorporate large external buffers (e.g., supercapacitors) sustain computation; however, these pose environmental issues increase system size cost. This article proposes Momentum , a general power-neutral methodology, intrinsic system-wide...

Reactive transient computing systems preserve computational progress despite frequent power failures by suspending (saving state to nonvolatile memory) when detecting a failure, and restoring once returns. Existing methods inefficiently save restore all allocated memory. We propose lightweight memory management that applies the concept of paging load pages only needed, modified pages. then develop model maximises available execution time dynamically adjusting suspend voltage thresholds....

Accurate and stable CPU power modelling is fundamental in modern system-on-chips (SoCs) for two main reasons: 1) they enable significant online energy savings by providing a run-time manager with reliable consumption data controlling energy-saving techniques; 2) can be used as accurate trusted reference models system design exploration. We begin showing the limitations typical performance monitoring counter (PMC) based approaches illustrate how an improved model formulation results more that...

Time synchronisation is a fundamental service in many distributed systems such as wireless sensor networks. Non-uniform operating temperature among deployed nodes and dynamic variation of the represent major cause clock drift network. Presented low-overhead for WSNs based on new compensation algorithm (TCA). The TCA local uses to remove effects environmental changes increase time between intervals. Using TCA, 32 KHz unit achieves an effective less than 5 ppm over wide range temperatures (−5...

Energy harvesters offer the possibility for embedded IoT computing systems to operate without batteries. However, their output power is usually unpredictable and highly variable. To mitigate effect of this variability, incorporate large energy buffers, increasing size, mass cost. The emerging class transient differs from approach, operating directly harvesting source minimizing or removing additional storage. Different approaches have been proposed which enable computation be sustained...

Using energy `harvested' from the environment to power autonomous embedded systems is an attractive ideal, alleviating burden of periodic battery replacement. However, such sources are typically low-current and transient, with high temporal spatial variability. To overcome this, large buffers as supercapacitors or batteries incorporated achieve neutral operation, where consumed over a certain period time equal harvested. Large buffers, however, pose environmental issues in addition...