A. Smirnov
A5112305710- Plasma Diagnostics and Applications
- Magnetic confinement fusion research
- Particle accelerators and beam dynamics
- Electrohydrodynamics and Fluid Dynamics
- Laser-Plasma Interactions and Diagnostics
- Fusion materials and technologies
- Magnetic Field Sensors Techniques
- Ionosphere and magnetosphere dynamics
- Laser-induced spectroscopy and plasma
- Atomic and Molecular Physics
- Nuclear Physics and Applications
- Nuclear reactor physics and engineering
- Dust and Plasma Wave Phenomena
- Electrostatic Discharge in Electronics
- Vacuum and Plasma Arcs
- Plasma Applications and Diagnostics
- Pulsed Power Technology Applications
- Effects of Environmental Stressors on Livestock
- Agriculture and Biological Studies
- Animal Nutrition and Health
- Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses
- Particle Detector Development and Performance
- Superconducting Materials and Applications
- Molten salt chemistry and electrochemical processes
- Cryptographic Implementations and Security
M.S. Poliakov Institute of Geotechnical Mechanics of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine
2024
National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine
1995-2024
Tri Alpha Energy (United States)
2010-2021
Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory
2001-2009
Princeton University
2002-2008
Office of Scientific and Technical Information
2005
National Technical Information Service
2005
Institute of Applied Physics
2002
Institute of Mathematics
1995
Moscow State University
1995
Conventional field-reversed configurations (FRCs), high-beta, prolate compact toroids embedded in poloidal magnetic fields, face notable stability and confinement concerns. These can be ameliorated by various control techniques, such as introducing a significant fast ion population. Indeed, adding neutral beam injection into the FRC over past half-decade has contributed to striking improvements stability. Further, addition of electrically biased plasma guns at ends, end plugs, advanced...
A hot stable field-reversed configuration (FRC) has been produced in the C-2 experiment by colliding and merging two high-β plasmoids preformed dynamic version of θ-pinch technology. The process exhibits highest poloidal flux amplification obtained a magnetic confinement system (over tenfold increase). Most kinetic energy is converted into thermal with total temperature (T{i}+T{e}) exceeding 0.5 keV. final FRC state record lifetime approaching classical values. These findings should have...
TAE Technologies' research is devoted to producing high temperature, stable, long-lived field-reversed configuration (FRC) plasmas by neutral-beam injection (NBI) and edge biasing/control. The newly constructed C-2W experimental device (also called 'Norman') the world's largest compact-toroid (CT) device, which has several key upgrades from preceding C-2U such as higher input power longer pulse duration of NBI system well installation inner divertors with upgraded electrode biasing systems....
TAE Technologies, Inc. (TAE) is pursuing an alternative approach to magnetically confined fusion, which relies on field-reversed configuration (FRC) plasmas composed of mostly energetic and well-confined particles by means a state-of-the-art tunable energy neutral-beam (NB) injector system. TAE's current experimental device, C-2W (also called 'Norman'), the world's largest compact-toroid device has made significant progress in FRC performance, producing record breaking, high temperature...
Conventional annular Hall thrusters become inefficient when scaled to low power. An alternative approach, a 2.6 cm miniaturized cylindrical thruster with cusp-type magnetic field distribution, was developed and studied. Its performance compared that of conventional the same dimensions. The exhibits discharge characteristics similar those thruster, but it has much higher propellant ionization efficiency. Significantly, large fraction multicharged xenon ions might be present in outgoing ion...
The dependence of the maximum electron temperature on discharge voltage is studied for two Hall thruster configurations, in which a collisionless plasma bounded by channel walls made materials with different secondary emission (SEE) properties. linear growth voltage, observed low SEE yield, suggests that responsible saturation configuration having higher yield. fact values at are rather high may indirectly support recently predicted kinetic regime space charge near-wall sheath discharge. A...
Field reversed configurations (FRCs) with high confinement are obtained in the C-2 device by combining plasma gun edge biasing and neutral beam injection. The creates an inward radial electric field that counters usual FRC spin-up. n = 2 rotational instability is stabilized without applying quadrupole magnetic fields. FRCs nearly axisymmetric, which enables fast ion confinement. also produces E × B shear layer, may explain observed improved particle transport. times factors to 4, lifetimes...
Developing a stable plasma state with high-beta (ratio of to magnetic pressures) is critical importance for an economic fusion reactor. At the forefront this endeavour field-reversed configuration. Here we demonstrate kinetic stabilizing effect fast ions on disruptive magneto-hydrodynamic instability, known as tilt mode, which poses central obstacle further configuration development, by energetic beam injection. This technique, combined synergistic active boundary control, enables fully...
Tri Alpha Energy's experimental program has demonstrated reliable field-reversed configuration (FRC) formation and sustainment, driven by fast ions via high-power neutral-beam (NB) injection. The world's largest compact-toroid device, C-2U, was upgraded from C-2 with the following key system upgrades: increased total NB input power ~4 MW (20 keV hydrogen) to 10+ (15 tilted injection angle; enhanced edge-biasing capability inside of each end divertor for boundary/stability control. C-2U...
The cylindrical thruster differs significantly in its underlying physical mechanisms from the conventional annular Hall thruster. It features high ionization efficiency, quiet operation, ion acceleration a large volume-to-surface ratio channel, and performance comparable with state-of-the-art thrusters. Very significant plume narrowing, accompanied by increase of energetic fraction improvement focusing, led to 50%–60% anode efficiency. These improvements were achieved overrunning discharge...
Interesting discharge phenomena are observed that have to do with the interaction between magnetized Hall thruster plasma and neutralizing cathode. The steady-state parameters of a highly ionized strongly influenced by electron supply from enhancement cathode emission above its self-sustained level affects current leads dramatic reduction in divergence suppression large amplitude, low frequency oscillations usually related an ionization instability. These effects correlate voltage drop...
A high temperature field reversed configuration (FRC) has been produced in the newly built, world’s largest compact toroid (CT) facility, C-2, by colliding and merging two high-β CTs using advanced field-reversed θ-pinch technology. This long-lived, stable merged state exhibits following key properties: (1) apparent increase poloidal flux from first pass to final state, (2) significantly improved confinement compared conventional FRCs with decay rates approaching classical values some cases,...
Large field reversed configurations (FRCs) are produced in the C-2 device by combining dynamic formation and merging processes. The good confinement of these FRCs must be further improved to achieve sustainment with neutral beam (NB) injection pellet fuelling. A plasma gun is installed at one end attempt electric control FRC edge layer. inward radial counters usual spin-up mitigates n = 2 rotational instability without applying quadrupole magnetic fields. Better centering also obtained,...
A high power, relatively low energy neutral beam injector was developed to upgrade of the system gas dynamic trap device and C2-U experiment. The ion source produces a proton with particle 15 keV, current up 175 A, pulse duration few milliseconds. plasma emitter is produced by superimposing highly ionized jets from an array four arc-discharge generators. multipole magnetic field permanent magnets at periphery box used increase efficiency improve uniformity emitter. Multi-slit grids 48%...
Abstract TAE Technologies’ fifth-generation fusion device, C-2W (also called ‘Norman’), is the world’s largest compact-toroid device and has made significant progress in field-reversed configuration (FRC) plasma performance. produces record breaking, macroscopically stable, high-temperature advanced beam-driven FRC plasmas, dominated by injected fast particles sustained steady state, which primarily limited neutral-beam (NB) pulse duration. The NB power supply system recently been upgraded...
A 1000 keV, 5 MW, s neutral beam injector based on negative ions is being developed in the Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics, Novosibirsk collaboration with Tri Alpha Energy, Inc. The innovative design features spatially separated ion source and an electrostatic accelerator. Plasma or photon neutralizer energy recuperation remaining species employed to provide overall efficiency system as high 80%. test stand for acceleration now under construction. prototype has been fabricated installed...
Multi-slit triode ion-optical systems with spherical electrodes are of interest for formation intense focused neutral beams plasma heating. At present, two versions focusing multi-slit ion optical system developed. The first forms the proton beam 15 keV energy, 140 A current, and 30 ms duration. second is intended heating injector Tokamak Configuration Variable (TCV). produces deuterium 35 1 MW power, 2 s In later case, angular divergence 20-22 mrad in direction across slits 12 along slits.
A substantial narrowing of the plume cylindrical Hall thruster (CHT) was observed upon enhancement electron emission from hollow-cathode discharge, which implies possibility for efficiency increase due to ion-beam focusing. It is demonstrated that miniaturized CHT can be operated in non-self-sustained regime, with discharge current being controlled by cathode emission. The operation this mode greatly expands range plasma and parameters normally accessible CHT. variation potential,...
Experimental results on neutralization of negative ion beams in a photon stripping target are presented. For the energy used these studies (6–10 keV), maximum efficiency is 95%. In contrast with gas or plasma neutralizers, generation positive ions from beam was negligible. A non-resonance trap highly reflecting mirrors special shape as target. Due to mirror shape, process photons reflections and propagation inside there some adiabatically conserved invariants that limits volume accessible...
One of the major trends in development ECR sources multicharged ions is an increase extracted ion current. The main factor affecting current beam produced by such a source is, obviously, density plasma from which are extracted. In present article mean charge, density, and minimal microwave power required to sustain needed electron temperature calculated for broad range densities (up 1014 cm−3, corresponds 90 GHz cutoff frequency pumping). taken as granted no effects due instabilities...
<para xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> A miniaturized cylindrical Hall thruster (CHT) is studied using a 2-D hybrid model. The simulation results are compared with experimental for 100-W laboratory CHT. channel of this has short coaxial part and longer region larger volume-to-surface ratio to reduce erosion. model combines fluid description the electrons (continuity momentum equations) particle ions neutral atoms. simulations confirm...
C-2U is a high-confinement, advanced beam driven field-reversed configuration plasma experiment which sustains the for &gt;5 ms, in excess of typical MHD and fast particle instability times, as well slowing down times. Fast dynamics are critical to performance several diagnostics have been deployed characterize population, including neutron proton detectors. To increase our understanding behavior supplement existing diagnostics, an E ∥ B neutral analyzer was installed, simultaneously...
The experiments on negative hydrogen ion beam production in a multi-aperture long-pulse surface-plasma source are described. H- ions produced the surface of plasma grid covered by cesium and illuminated fast particles. uses radio-frequency driver to generate plasma. A composite magnet system made external permanent magnets confines filters electrons region, deflects them extraction area. multiaperture, multi-electrode optical is used for formation. electrode heating cooling during long...
In the current experimental device of TAE Technologies, C-2W (also called “Norman”), record breaking advanced beam-driven field-reversed configuration (FRC) plasmas are produced and sustained in steady state utilizing variable energy neutral beams (15–40 keV, total power up to 20 MW), divertors, bias electrodes, an active plasma control system. This fully operational experiment is coupled with a suite diagnostic systems. The consists 60+ individual systems spanning categories, including...
The negative-ion based injector of a hydrogen neutral beam with the energy up to 1 MeV is being developed in Budker Institute. In order provide high efficiency, will employ plasma (or photon) neutralization target and electrostatic recuperators. design components progress. experimental test facility for acceleration 1.5-Ampere negative ion 120 keV under construction.