Materials deposition based upon directed aerosol flow has the potential of finding application in field flexible electronics where a low-temperature route to printed transistors with high mobilities remains elusive. NDSU been actively engaged addressing this opportunity from following two perspectives: 1) developing an appreciation basic physics that dominate beam toward engineering robust method allows realization deposited features sub-5 μm resolution; and, 2) understanding mechanistic...

Nitrogen oxides (NOX) in the atmosphere cause oxidation reactions with photochemical radicals and volatile organic compounds, leading to accumulation of ozone (O3). NOX constitutes a significant portion NOy composition, nitrous acid (HONO) nitric (HNO3) following. HONO plays crucial role reaction cycle hydrogen oxides. The majority HNO3 reduction mechanisms result from aerosolization through heterogeneous reactions, having adverse effects on humans plants by increasing secondary aerosol...

This study examines the changes in child mortality Korea during mid-twentieth century by focusing on gender, birth order and sibling composition. We hypothesize that social practices biological factors play an important role, but this might differ gender: while girls enjoyed genetic advantages, boys received more care. Hence, sex differences could reflect relative strength of these two competing forces. Analyses individual-level longitudinal data drawn from family registrations a rural...

Materials deposition based upon directed aerosol flow has the potential of finding application in field flexible electronics where a low-temperature route to printed transistors with high mobilities remains elusive. NDSU been actively engaged addressing this opportunity from following two perspectives: (1) developing an appreciation basic physics that dominate beam toward engineering robust method allows realization deposited features sub-5 mum resolution; and, (2) understanding mechanistic...

Chosŏn Korea was severely affected by both Japanese and Manchu invasions in the early 17th century. However, an accurate assessment of impact on population remains unknown. This is because government failed to assess demographic wars. study focuses two primary sources - genealogies household registers. It examines victims war explores their potential as for historical research. clear that materials have remarkable characteristics studying unique phenomena family dynamic trends pre-modern...

Abstract This study investigates the impact of warfare on nuptial patterns, focusing trends and characteristics age differences within marriage. Specifically, it explores socio-demographic outcomes Imjin War (1592–1598) post-war reconstruction in Korea, using earliest extant Chosŏn household registers, compiled between 1606 1630. Individual-level microdata were derived involving 2,336 married couples based 11,749 entries these covering four administrative districts located southeastern...

The widespread trend for compiling genealogies in Korea is known to have emerged around the seventeenth century. To explain this, scholars pointed influence of neo-Confucianism and similarities with Chinese genealogical traditions. However, this study focuses on inclusionary exclusionary forces within Korean genealogy former drawing more members into latter resulting fewer family being included. In particular, draws attention selective recording patrilineal frequent inclusion...

Training deep neural networks (DNNs) with noisy labels is a fundamental problem in achieving generalization DNNs. Recent studies mainly adopt sample selection which the samples small losses are regarded as clean ones, based on findings that DNNs tend to learn simple and easy patterns first, then gradually memorize all data. In this paper, we further investigate by observing loss distribution of training labels. experimental results, found distributions different at early stage, converge into...

Because of the Japanese (1592–1598), and Manchu (1627, 1636–1637), invasions, seventeenth century was a turning point in Neo-Confucian transformation Chosŏn dynasty. Changes continuities Korean society families can be seen household registers published century. Occupational records family structures from top to bottom show that social hierarchies governmental systems were well preserved even after invasions. This study also highlights value as primary historical source for history.

Extreme multi-label text classification (XMTC) is the problem of finding most relevant multi-labels from a corpus with millions labels. One key challenges in XMTC that labels appear only few times, i.e., class imbalance issue. To overcome problem, existing studies suggested various methods using different loss functions (i.e., focal function) and data augmentation mix-up). In this paper, we investigate effectiveness two main approaches over RNN-based transformer-based deep models....

This study was designed to identify major atmospheric HONO sources that trigger the accumulation of ozone by generating OH radicals through its photolysis. We measured in atmosphere using PPDS-IC system and found concentration 2.61 ± 1.91 ppb winter 1.8 0.76 summer. Regardless seasons, tended be proportional NO2 level, HONO/NO2 ratio greatly influenced relative humidity. The conversion rate from similar summer, but variation larger than Although photolysis lower winter, production due higher...

To significantly reduce the solar cell weight and increase its specific power for space application, authors deposited a-Si thin film cells on ultra-thin stainless steel (SS) substrates of 15 /spl mu/m, 12.5 mu/m 7.5 thick compared results with those standard 5 mil. (127 mu/m) SS that they use a regular basis. handle these ultra foils throughout device fabrication process, used carrier method by attaching thicker 127 substrates. They obtained ultra-lightweight have similar performance as...

Abstract Challenging the myth of premodern Korea as ethnically homogenous, this study focuses on immigrant marriages in Chosŏn following Japanese invasions (Imjin War, 1592–1598). By examining household registers and genealogies, I investigate status women who married into families Ming Chinese immigrants social consequences such marriages. The results unexpectedly indicate that rarely intermarried, preferring integration with local families. As a means acquiring cultural capital, Korean...

In this study, analysis was conducted using the PMF acceptance model to identify emission source and contribution of fine particle (PM2.5). The measurement point selected as Daejeon area, where industrial complex areas, residential rural areas are located nearby, thus can be affected by multiple factors. Measurement data were collected analyzed during winter (January) summer (May, June) periods. As a result model, it classified into 7 factors, namely, dust, sea salt particles, secondary...