Nitrogen fertilizer is important for improving wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) and corn Zea mays yields, but inappropriate application methods excessive amounts lead to low N use efficiency high losses through leaching. To investigate the effects of controlled‐release urea (CRU) on crop yield soil fertility, a field experiment was conducted from 2012 2014 in China. The 100% (180 kg ha −1 ) 70% (126 local practice rates with CRU were used. results revealed that release curves natural...

The long‐term effects of controlled‐release urea (CRU) on crop yields and soil properties were investigated in lysimeters under wheat corn rotation system from 2009 to 2014 northern China. CRU included polymer‐coated (PCU), sulfur‐coated (SCU), polymer coating (PSCU) was applied at 147, 210 kg N ha −1 for 262.5, 375 the corn. Results showed that release characteristics three kinds field condition all closely matched requirement crops. Consequently, treatments improved by 3.2 10.1% 4.9 11.1%,...

Abstract To investigate the interacting effects of polymer coated urea (PCU) and potassium chloride (PCPC) on cotton growth, an experiment was conducted with containerized plants in 2014 2015. There were two kinds nitrogen fertilizer, PCU urea, which combined PCPC at three application rates (40, 80 120 kg ha −1 ). The fertilizer formed main plot, while individual subplots. results suggested N K release patterns for soil closely matched to requirements by cotton. Soil inorganic contents...

A two-year field experiment was conducted to explore the effects of different potassium fertilizer types and dosages on cotton yield, soil available leaf photosynthetic capacity. The included seven treatments: (1) No (Control); (2) chloride (PC) applied at 126 kg ha−1 (70% PC); (3) PC 180 (100% (4) sulfate (PS) PS); (5) PS (6) polymer-coated (PCPC) mixed with (ratio 7:3) mix); (7) PCPC (7:3 ratio) mix). Under same application rate, lint yield mix treatments increased by 4.48–9.38% compared...

A major challenge in radically alleviating the threats posed by Cd-contaminated paddy fields to human health is reduce Cd levels both soils and rice grains. In this study, microbial extraction (ME) treatment using a mixotrophic acidophilic consortium was used for bioremediation of soils. The results showed that ME enhanced total (40%) diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid-soluble (DTPA-Cd, 64%) removal efficiencies contaminated addition, decreased reducible fractions thereby reduced uptake...

To explore the effects of various potassium fertilizer dosages on sweet potatoes, field experiments were conducted in 2018 and 2019 using a randomized block design. In experiment, control (completely blank, no fertilizer), KS0 (potassium KS100 (100 kg K2O ha−1), KS200 (200 KS300 (300 ha−1) treatments set up. The application increased content potato plants, thereby increasing chlorophyll content, net photosynthetic rate, fluorescence parameters. It also amylose tuber roots to increase total...

Abstract Excessive nitrogen (N) fertilizer input leads to higher N loss via ammonia (NH 3 ) volatilization. Controlled‐release urea (CRU) was expected reduce emission losses of N. An incubation and a plant growth experiment with Gossypium hirsutum L. were conducted CRU (a mixture polymer‐coating sulfur‐coated polymer‐coated ratios 5 : 5) under six levels fertilization rates, which 0% (0 mg kg −1 soil), 50% (110 75% (165 100% (220 125% (275 150% (330 soil) the recommended rate. For each type...

Potassium and fulvic acid (FA) fertilizer application are two important measures for improving cotton growth. However, there few studies on the interact effect of controlled-release potassium (CRK) in combination with FA production. To explore effects CRK combined cotton, consecutive years field experiments were conducted 2018 2019 using a split-plot design. The main plots assigned to types fertilizer, chloride sulfate (KS), while low, moderate high rates (90, 180 270 kg ha Overall, FA180...

Soil deterioration, low nitrogen use efficiency (NUE), and environmental risks caused by excessive chemical N fertilizer are key factors restricting sustainable agriculture. It is extremely critical to develop effective management strategies that consider both agronomic benefits. From 2017 2019, a field experiment was conducted assess the effects of combinations organic fertilizers (OF, provided at 30, 50, 70% total applied N) controlled-release urea (CU) on NUE, leaching wheat yield...

Abstract BACKGROUND Excessive application of nitrogen (N) fertilizer and low nitrogen‐use efficiency (NUE) are prevalent problems in rice production. Controlled‐release urea (CRU) is widely adopted to increase yields, but the synchronicity N release from CRU with uptake by plants has rarely been studied. A 2‐year field experiment involving applications at three different rates (240, 192 144 kg ha −1 , equal 100%, 80% 60% recommended rate, respectively) was performed compare their effects on...

Cadmium (Cd) speciation ratio in arable land determines the Cd exposure risk and uptake crops. However, driving mechanisms of change on vertical scale paddy fields remain poorly understood. In this study, effects plow layer pan distribution were investigated a long-term Cd-contaminated rice ecosystem. The accumulative effect within grain was enhanced with high levels activated ratios soils. Activated higher soils, while stabilized elevated Soil physicochemical properties soil microbes...

The effects of different nitrogen fertilizer types and rates on cotton leaf photosynthesis, yield soil inorganic were studied in two years field experiments. Seven treatments carried out: (1) Polymer-coated urea (PCU) mixed with (1:1 ratio) applied once at 126 kg N ha−1 (70% BBF); (2) PCU 180 (100% (3) U1); (4) (5) twice U2); (6) (7) no (Control). seed the treatment increased by 6.27–17.69% average per year compared U2 U1 same rate. net profit recovery efficiency 15.53–46.68% 4.37–16.32%,...

Abstract A split-plot field experiment was conducted in 2018–2019 to study the effects of nitrogen fertilizer types and fulvic acid (FA) rates on soil cotton growth. The fertilizers included controlled-release urea (CRU) urea, which were applied combined with three FA (90, 180 270 kg ha -1 ). main plot type, subplot rate. results showed that lint yield FA180 treatment 5.2–8.6% higher than FA90 FA270 treatments. Moreover, moderate application markedly improved leaf SPAD value (chlorophyll...

Extraction optimization is very important for the quality of humic acid (HA). In this study, actived HA (HAb) was extracted from danty via catalytic oxidation using birnessite as a catalyst and H2O2 an oxidant. Single-factor experiments response surface method were used to optimize acidic functional group content HAb. It found that maximum HAb can be achieved when danty-crushing time, concentration, dose 105.7 min, 20, 2%, respectively. Fourier transform infrared spectra showed had more...

Nitrogen (N) and potassium (K) are essential nutrients for Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum L.) growth. A 2-year field experiment with a split-plot design was conducted to study the effect of N fertilizer type combined different K rates on soil mineral availability, growth characteristics ryegrass. The main plots were assigned two types, controlled-release urea (CRU) common urea. While low, moderate high chloride (KCl) (150, 300 450 kg ha-1, respectively) subplots. Compared treatments,...

Seepage plays a key role in nutrient loss and easily occurs widely-used contour ridge systems due to the ponding process. However, characteristics of its influential factors under seepage with rainfall condition are still unclear. In this study, 23 simulation experiments arranged an orthogonal rotatable central composite design investigate height, row grade, field slope on Nitrate (NO3−–N) Orthophosphate (PO4+3–P) losses resulting from systems. total, three types NO3−–N PO4+3–P were observed...