In Mexico, the Center of origin and diversity maize, a daily per capita average 0.5 kg maize-based foods are consumed. Approximately 10 million tons maize is produced in small peasant holdings. Nevertheless, greater proportion industrially maize-derived products have started to appear recent years. We traced presence transgenes glyphosate collected Mexico elsewhere as means describe landscape distribution, abundance, types food Mexico. Transgenic sequences were present overall 82% assayed...

The cultivation of genetically modified (GM) Bt maize (Zea mays L.) events MON810 and Bt11 is permitted in Uruguay. Local regulations specify that 10% the crop should be a non-GM cultivar as refuge area for biodiversity, distance from other crops more than 250 m order to avoid cross-pollination. However, degree cross-fertilization between Uruguay unknown. level adventitious presence GM material relevant issue organic farming, situ conservation genetic resources seed production. In research...

Amphibian parasites of the Order Dermocystida (Ichthyosporea) are widespread pathogens known mainly from Europe and North America, which cause primarily a disease skin subcutaneous tissue in their hosts. The taxonomy these organisms has been problematic given conserved morphology, similar clinical pathology. Currently recognized taxa belong to three closely related genera, Amphibiocystidium, Amphibiothecum, Rhinosporidium, whereas species Dermocystidium Sphaerothecum destruens include fish...

We describe the external morphology, buccal cavity, chondrocranium, hyobranchial skeleton, and musculature of tadpole Rhinella achavali (Achaval's Toad), along with its karyotype. Tadpoles were found in a small, permanent stream showing schooling behavior. The characterization proposed species groups within cannot be currently improved using larval as it seems to much conserved this genus. Buccal cavity morphology confirms distinctiveness veraguensis (Veragua Toad) group respect other known...

Abstract The freshwater cnidarian Craspedacusta sowerbii Lankester 1880, has invaded lakes and ponds as well artificial water bodies throughout the world. first record in Uruguay corresponding to jellyfish was made 1961 two fountains, with no mention of polyp form. Although local reports other related species have been made, information on benthic form C. is lacking. Here we report finding live frustules, solitary individuals, medusae colonies from a natural lagoon August 2010, allowing us...

Molecular techniques could aid earthworm species identification, especially when morphological characters are not taxonomically informative, or difficult to discern. No previous study has investigated molecular-based methods for taxonomy in Uruguay. The present aimed make a first approach using DNA barcoding as tool smoothen the way towards determining richness This was based on an collection, identified both by and molecular techniques, from samplings different agricultural soils Montevideo...

The Multi, Inter and Transdisciplinary were present in the immediate response to Pandemic Declaration COVID19, with limitations. There was a predominance of certain disciplinary areas, leaving aside even suppressing or censoring others. scientific-technological context, opposing positions: disruptive technologies (which mark an agenda, accompanied by homogeneous narrative while contradictory, obvious examples conflicts interest, cases ghostwriting) vs. An independent science that, except...

Abstract In this paper we examine a new distance‐based method for identifying and characterizing possible interactions between biological structures objects, with respect to the initial developmental stages of Echinococcus granulosus . By adopting surface foramen as distance reference, several interesting results have been identified, including fact that cell nuclei tend be organized well stability spatial distribution these along development stages.

Melanophryniscus orejasmirandai is a species of toad known only from two localities in southern Uruguay. This isthe southernmost suggested taxon the M. tumifrons group, whose are characterized by glandular frontal swell-ing on snout. The study type series and pachyrhynus, along with observations madeon many specimens both close relationship between them. analysis variation snout-vent length, coloration pattern, relative size swelling, presence/absence metatarsal gland showedthat characters...

We studied in this work the prevalence of two eukaryotic skin pathogens a population frog Boana pulchella (Anura, Hylidae) from southeastern Uruguay, fungus Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Rhizophydiales) and protoctistan Valentines rwandae (Ichthyosporea, Dermocystida), between 2012 2014.In both cases higher prevalences were recorded cooler seasons, winter early spring for B. (0.78 0.95 respectively) autumn V. (0.33 0.49), with mean temperatures 11.5 17.8°C.No infection detected summer.In...

Histology is often underappreciated for the detection of amphibian pathogenic fungus Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis, cause potentially lethal skin disease chytridiomycosis. We evaluated sensitivity histology to detect chytrids in 20 wild specimens 2 frog species from Uruguay that were clinically normal, but confirmed by PCR be infected B. dendrobatidis. detected maturing and sporulated sporangia 15 (75%) frogs, which more sensitive than previously reported histology. The effort needed...

We report a case of nasal rhinosporidiosis in dog native to Uruguay, being the sixth Rhinosporidium seeberi infection this host from South America.Diagnosis was made by histopathology biopsied tissue and specific PCR assay swab material.The patient 3-year-old male dog, Dogo Argentino breed, living rural area southeastern Uruguay.An account published cases dogs worldwide is provided.As seen other hosts, seem present predisposition for acquiring disease.

The amphibian chytrid fungus Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis ( B d ) causes chytridiomycosis, a disease among the main of declines worldwide. However, Bd studies on Neotropical amphibians from temperate areas are scarce. We present comprehensive survey in Uruguay, central eastern South America, carried out between 2006 and 2014. Skin swabs 535 specimens 21 native exotic frogs were tested by PCR. used individual-level data to examine relationship infection, climatic variables, their effects...

Agri-biotech promotes genetically modified organisms (GMO) as solutions to achieve food security by increasing yields, reducing pesticide use through introduced resistance herbicides and strategy for climate change mitigation adaptation. After 30 years of biotechnological crops, these proposals have failed on their pledges, while the risk assessment, non-considered outcomes environment, biodiversity health been overlooked. New Plant-Breeding Technologies (NPBTs), with capacity inserting,...

Limnoperna fortunei (golden mussel) is an invasive mollusk, native to Southeast Asia. The detection of L. fortunei, during early stages the invasion, interesting strategy for its control and eradication. For these aims, traditional methods are used based on identifying species in samples zooplankton or benthos community. In addition, molecular DNA different environmental (eDNA) have been proposed. We describe discuss a protocol developed mitochondrial eDNA plankton from freshwater systems....

Bullfrog invasion is a major conservation concern in South America, so  there an urgent needto detect and monitor its many foci. Amphibian sampling methods commonly usecalling display, specifically the nuptial calls of males. With aim obtaining better dayperiod to sample Lithobates catesbeianus presence, we recorded at threeponds two invaded localities Uruguay (Acegua, Cerro Largo, San Carlos, Maldonado)during reproductive season. Then, studied records, subsample callingintensity first 5...

Abstract Montevideo establishes the mandatory labeling of foods containing genetically modified material through Departmental Decree No. 36.554, positioning Uruguay within 65 countries that have incorporated this type regulation. The Food Regulation Service, in its role sanitary police, and Laboratory Bromatology, agreement with Molecular Traceability (Faculty Sciences, University Republic), carried out analysis 206 products made ingredients derived from corn and/or soybean, during 2015-2017...