The exploration of new niches for microorganisms capable degrading recalcitrant molecules is still required. We hypothesized the gut microbiota associated with insect-resistant lines carry pesticide bacteria, and predicted they bacteria selected to degrade pesticides were resistant to. isolated accessed pesticide-degrading capacity from fifth instars Spodoptera frugiperda strains lambda-cyhalothrin, deltamethrin, chlorpyrifos ethyl, spinosad lufenuron, using insecticide-selective media....

In Brazilian traditional medicine, Arctium lappa (Asteraceae), has been reported to relieve gastrointestinal symptoms.In the present study, we investigated effects of lactone sesquiterpene onopordopicrin enriched fraction (ONP fraction) from in an experimental colitis model induced by 2,4,6 trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid and performed experiments elucidate underlying action mechanisms involved that effect.ONP (25 50 mg/kg/day) was orally administered 48, 24 1 h prior induction after. The...

Chemical defense against predation in butterflies and moths has been studied since nineteenth century. A classical example is that of the larvae monarch butterfly Danaus plexippus, which feed on leaves Asclepias curassavica (Asclepiadaceae), sequestering cardenolides. The adults are protected by birds. Several other substances may be involved chemical defense, such as iridoid glycosides, cyanogenic glucosinolates, pyrrolizidine tropane alkaloids, aristolochic acids, glycosidase inhibitors...

Ants patrol foliage and exert a strong selective pressure on herbivorous insects, being their primary predators. As ants are chemically oriented, some organisms that interact with them (myrmecophiles) use chemical strategies mediated by cuticular hydrocarbons (CHCs) to deal ants. Thus, better understanding of the ecology evolution mutualistic interactions between myrmecophiles depends accurate recognition these strategies. Few studies have examined whether treehoppers may an additional...

Lysine has long been recognized as an essential amino acid for humans and the lack or low supply of this compound in diet may lead to mental physical handicaps. Since lysine is severely restricted cereals, most important staple food world, understanding its biological roles must be a major concern. Here we show that precursor de novo synthesis glutamate, significant excitatory neurotransmitter mammalian central nervous system. We also glutamate from lysine, which carried out by saccharopine...

Pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PAs) often serve as chemical mediators of plant-herbivore-predator interactions. Butterflies (Danainae and Ithomiinae) moths (Arctiidae) usually acquire PAs from plant sources (larval host plants, flowers or withered leaves visited by adults—pharmacophagy) thereby become chemically protected against predators; they also use pheromone precursors. Study GC-MS in three species Ithomiinae butterflies, their larval plants adult alkaloid showed different acquisition...

The pollination biology of four species passionflower was studied in south-eastern Brazil, specifically the importance chemical features floral nectar, pigments and odours. All required pollinators to produce fruits: P. alata pollinated by bees, speciosa hummingbirds, galbana mucronata bats. Pollinators consumed nectar as a food source. activity vertebrate reflected resource availability: they foraged when large amounts were available quantitative predictability greater....

The pollination biology of four species passionflower was studied in south-eastern Brazil, specifically the importance chemical features floral nectar, pigments and odours. All required pollinators to produce fruits: P. alata pollinated by bees, speciosa hummingbirds, galbana mucronata bats. Pollinators consumed nectar as a food source. activity vertebrate reflected resource availability: they foraged when large amounts were available quantitative predictability greater....

Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry analysis of seeds from 28 species Crotalaria Brazil (sections Calycinae, Crotalaria, Chrysocalycinae and Hedriocarpae) showed that pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PAs) are important as chemotaxonomic markers at the infrageneric level. The sections Calycinae were characterized by 11-membered macrocyclic monocrotaline-type PAs. In section Chrysocalycinae, a single in subsection Incanae, C. incana, integerrimine, 12-membered senecionine-type, main PA. group close...

Abstract Many herbivorous insects sequester defensive chemicals from their host plants. We tested sequestration fitness costs in the specialist moth U tetheisa ornatrix ( L epidoptera: A rctiidae). added pyrrolizidine alkaloids PA s) to an artificial diet at different concentrations. Of all larval and adult components measured, only development time was negatively affected by concentration. These results were repeated under stressful laboratory conditions. On other hand, amount of s...

Sequestration of chemical defenses from host plants is a strategy widely used by herbivorous insects to avoid predation. Larvae the arctiine moth Utetheisa ornatrix feeding on unripe seeds and leaves many species Crotalaria (Leguminosae) sequester N-oxides pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PAs) these plants, transfer them adults through pupal stage. PAs confer protection against predation all life stages U. ornatrix. As also uses other as we evaluated whether PA defense independent plant use. We fed...

Predaceous ants are dominant organisms on foliage and represent a constant threat to herbivorous insects. The honeydew of sap‐feeding hemipterans has been suggested appease aggressive ants, which then begin tending activities. Here, we manipulated the cuticular chemical profiles freeze‐dried insect prey show that background matching with host plant protects Guayaquila xiphias treehoppers against predaceous Camponotus crassus regardless supply. Ant predation is increased when transferred...

This study evaluated the pharmacological effect of association crude extract from fruits Pterodon pubescens (Pp) with essential oil Cordia verbenacea (Cv) in antinociception and anti-inflammatory experimental models. The effective doses each combinations used associations extracts were defined by acetic acid-induced writhing test. separate also on formalin Interaction between was assessed isobologram method. effects different concentrations (A50, A100 A200) test, tail flick hot plate....

Arctium lappa L. has been used in folk medicine as a diuretic, depurative, and digestive stimulant dermatological conditions. The mechanisms involved the anti-ulcerogenic activity of sesquiterpene onopordopicrin (ONP)-enriched fraction (termed ONP fraction), obtained from A. leaves, were studied. gastroprotective mechanism was evaluated experimental vivo models rodents, mimicking this disease humans. (50 mg/kg, p.o.) significantly inhibited mucosal injury induced by ethanol/HCl solution...