Abstract Ultrasound is gaining traction as a neuromodulation method due to its ability remotely and non-invasively modulate neuronal activity with millimeter precision. However, there little consensus about optimal ultrasound parameters required elicit how specific drive mechanisms that underlie neuromodulation. We address these questions in this work by performing study determine effective transgenic mouse brain slice model enables calcium imaging quantitative readout of for report (1)...

Pain engages multiple brain networks, with the thalamus serving as a critical subcortical hub. This study aims to explore effects of low-intensity transcranial focused ultrasound-induced suppression on organization thalamocortical nociceptive networks. We employed MR-guided ultrasound, potential non-invasive therapy, real-time ultrasound beam localization feedback and fMRI monitoring. first functionally identified target at thalamic ventroposterior lateral nucleus by mapping whole-brain...

Transcranial-focused ultrasound (tFUS) procedures such as neuromodulation and blood-brain barrier (BBB) opening require precise focus placement within the brain. MRI is currently most reliable tool for localization but can be prohibitive requiring recurrent therapies. We designed, fabricated, characterized a patient-specific, 3-D-printed, stereotactic frame repeated tFUS therapy. The compact, with minimal footprint, removed re-secured between treatments while maintaining sub-mm accuracy,...

BackgroundMRI-guided transcranial focused ultrasound (MRgFUS) as a next-generation neuromodulation tool can precisely target and stimulate deep brain regions with high spatial selectivity. Combined MR-ARFI (acoustic radiation force imaging) using fMRI BOLD signal functional readouts, our previous studies have shown that low-intensity FUS excite or suppress neural activity in the somatosensory cortex.ObjectiveTo investigate whether nociceptive heat stimulation-induced responses thalamic...

Transcranial focused ultrasound (tFUS) is a therapeutic method that focuses sound through the skull to small region noninvasively and often under magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) guidance. CT used estimate acoustic properties vary between individual skulls enable effective focusing during tFUS procedures, exposing patients potentially harmful radiation. A parameters in without need for desirable.

Anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) and striatum (STR) contain neurons encoding not only the expected values of actions, but also value stimulus features irrespective actions. Values about in ACC or STR might contribute to adaptive behavior by guiding fixational information sampling biasing choices toward relevant objects, they have indirect motivational functions enabling subjects estimate putting effort into choosing objects. Here, we tested these possibilities modulating neuronal activity...

We have previously shown that focused ultrasound (FUS) pulses in low pressure range exerted bidirectional and brain state-dependent neuromodulation the nonhuman primate somatosensory cortices by fMRI. Here we aim to gain insights about proposed neuron selective modulation of FUS probe feedforward versus feedback interactions simultaneously quantifying stimulus (FUS pressures: 925, 425, 250 kPa) response (% BOLD fMRI changes) function at targeted area 3a/3b off-target cortical areas 7T. In...

Optical tracking is a real-time transducer positioning method for transcranial focused ultrasound (tFUS) procedures, but the predicted focus from optical typically does not incorporate subject-specific skull information. Acoustic simulations can estimate pressure field when propagating through cranium rely on accurately replicating of and in simulated space. Here, we develop characterize accuracy workflow that creates simulation grids based information neuronavigated phantom with without...

Taylor dispersion analysis (TDA) allows the determination of molecular diffusion coefficient (D) or hydrodynamic radius (Rh) a solute from peak broadening plug in laminar Poiseuille flow. The main limitation plaguing broader applicability TDA is lack sensitive detection modality. UV absorption typically used with but only suitable for UV-absorbing derivatized compounds. In this work, we present development method non-UV absorbing compounds by using universal detector based on refractive...

In steel construction, sometimes bolts and welds must be combined in a single joint. Provisions for the design of these combination joints can found existing specifications, but rules generally have not been verified by physical tests. addition, appear to illogical some cases. An experimental study using full-scale tension lap splices that high-strength fillet was carried out order develop better understanding joints. The results showed orientation bearing condition are two key factors...

Transcranial MRI-guided focused ultrasound (TcMRgFUS) is a therapeutic method that focuses sound through the skull to small region noninvasively under MRI guidance. It clinically approved thermally ablate regions of thalamus and being explored for other therapies, such as blood brain barrier opening neuromodulation. To accurately target skull, transmitted waves must constructively interfere at region. However, heterogeneity speed, density, attenuation in different individuals' skulls...

Transcranial focused ultrasound (tFUS) is being explored for neuroscience research and clinical applications due to its ability affect precise brain regions noninvasively. The target specific localize the beam during these procedures important avoid damage minimize off-target effects. Here, we present a method combine optical tracking with magnetic resonance (MR) acoustic radiation force imaging achieve targeting localizing of tFUS beam. This combined provides steering coordinates within...

Magnetic resonance guided transcranial focused ultrasound holds great promises for treating neurological disorders. This technique relies on skull aberration correction which requires computed tomography (CT) scans of the patients. Recently, ultra-short time-echo (UTE) magnetic (MR) sequences have unleashed MRI potential to reveal internal bone structures. In this study, we measure efficacy using UTE images.
Approach. We compare CT based four skulls and two targets a clinical device...

Purpose To rapidly image and localize the focus in MR‐guided focused ultrasound (FUS) while maintaining a low duty cycle to minimize tissue effects. Methods MR‐acoustic radiation force imaging (ARFI) is key targeting FUS procedures such as neuromodulation, works by encoding ultrasound‐induced displacements into phase of MR images. However, it can require long scan times cover volume tissue, especially when minimizing dose during paramount. simultaneously time cycle, 2‐min three‐dimensional...

[[gabstract]][] Focused ultrasound (FUS) can temporarily open the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and increase delivery of chemotherapeutics, viral vectors, other agents to brain parenchyma. To limit FUS BBB opening a single region, transcranial acoustic focus transducer must not be larger than region targeted. In this work, we design characterize therapeutic array optimized for at frontal eye field (FEF) in macaques. We used 115 simulations four macaques varying f-number frequency optimize size,...

Focused ultrasound blood-brain barrier (BBB) opening is a promising tool for targeted delivery of therapeutic agents into the brain. The volume determines extent administration and sets lower bound on size targets which can be selectively treated. We tested custom 1 MHz array transducer optimized cortical regions in macaque brain with goal achieving small openings. integrated this device magnetic resonance image guided focused system demonstrated twelve instances BBB average volumes 59 ± 37...

We designed, fabricated, and characterized a patient-specific, 3D-printed, stereotactic frame for repeated transcranial focused ultrasound (FUS) neuromodulation. The is compact, with minimal footprint, can be removed re-secured between treatments. use of small skull anchor screws allows the precise repeatable FUS treatment without need MR-guidance following initial calibration scan. Focus localization repeatability were assessed via MR-thermometry on macaque skull-phantom model. Focal...

Cryoelectrolysis is a new minimally invasive tissue ablation surgical technique that combines the processes of electrolysis and solid/liquid phase transformation (freezing). This study investigated this by measuring pH front propagation changes in resistance simulant made physiological saline gel with dye as function sample temperature high subzero range above eutectic. Results demonstrated effective can occur freezing milieu only weakly dependent on temperature. These observations are...

ABSTRACT Neuronal subgroups in anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) and the striatum (STR) encode reward structure of a given environment. But whether or how this information is used to guide sampling, optimize decision making, motivate behavior cognitively challenging situations has remained elusive. Here, we causally tested these scenarios by transiently disrupting ACC STR rhesus monkeys with transcranial ultrasound learning task that independently varied cognitive motivational demands. We...

Transcranial MRI-guided focused ultrasound (TcMRgFUS) is a therapeutic method that focuses sound through the skull to small region noninvasively under MRI guidance. It clinically approved thermally ablate regions of thalamus and being explored for other therapies, such as blood brain barrier opening neuromodulation. To accurately target skull, transmitted waves must constructively interfere at region. However, heterogeneity speed, density, attenuation in different individuals' skulls...

Transcranial focused ultrasound (tFUS) is a therapeutic method that focuses sound through the skull to small region noninvasively and often under MRI guidance. CT imaging used estimate acoustic properties vary between individual skulls enable effective focusing during tFUS procedures, exposing patients potentially harmful radiation. A parameters in without need for would be desirable. Here, we synthesized images from routinely acquired T1-weighted by using 3D patch-based conditional...

Transcranial ultrasound is a noninvasive tool for brain therapies including ablation, neuromodulation, and blood-brain barrier opening. Sonication of cortical targets in macaques challenging due to absorption aberration from the skull. Because this, transcranial largely limited deep where geometry skull less prohibitive. Here, we address this limitation by designing system which distal regions achieves near free-field spot size at target while minimizing pressure We compare focal volume...

<p>This work describes the design and testing of a therapeutic ultrasound array for transcranial blood brain barrier opening in macaques. The leverages simulations to optimize small volumes targetted at single regions. We also provide details on integrating system into magnetic resonance image guided procedures.</p>