The European ENIAC R&D project consortium DC Components and Grid (DCC+G) is developing suitable, highly efficient components sub systems for 380 VDC grid to show the benefits of concept on test site in an office environment. newly developed their integration into a generic system are presented this paper. targeted overall efficiency saving compared AC 5% energy conversion from PV (photo voltaic) calculated be 7% more cost effective traditional installations. This paper also shows realized...

Giant magnetoresistance (GMR) sensors are considered one of the first real applications nanotechnology. They consist nm-thick layered structures where ferromagnetic metals sandwiched by nonmagnetic metals. Such multilayered films produce a large change in resistance (typically 10 to 20%) when subjected magnetic field, compared with maximum few per cent for other types sensors. This technology has been intensively used read heads hard disk drives and now increasingly finds due high...

Circular arrays of magnetic-field sensors are high interest in the field power electronics for use galvanically isolated dc current sensing. The low consumption, sensitivity, and mechanical flexibility modern circular magnetic measurement an improvement over older closed-loop consumption systems. Due to their such sensor arrangements strongly influenced by fields originating not only from a targeted conductor but also sources interference. In this paper, we present theoretical experimental...

During the last years, coreless current sensors based on circular arrays of magnetic field have been investigated. These were limited in bandwidth and accuracy by used to realize arrays. Thus, this paper applied well-known "closed loop" principle array-based overcome these limitations. This gives a comparison between built from Hall Fluxgate both closed loop open operation. If configuration are used, instead sensors, measurement error can be reduced factor two due their intrinsic...

Contactless galvanically isolated magnetic field-based current sensors utilizing a ferromagnetic core have been widely used for decades in many applications such as power distribution, electronics, and drive technologies to mention just few fields of interest. Measurement techniques like circular arrays magnetic-field are high interest the field especially dc sensing. The low consumption, sensitivity, mechanical flexibility modern measurement an improvement over older closed-loop consumption...

Economically sustainable software systems must be able to cost-effectively evolve in response changes their environment, usage profile, and business demands. However, many development projects, sustainability is treated as an afterthought, developers are driven by time-to-market pressure often not educated apply sustainability-improving techniques. While engineering research practice has suggested a large amount of such techniques, holistic overview missing the effectiveness individual...

Specifying data requirements for machine learning (ML) software systems remains a challenge in engineering (RE). This vision paper explores causal modelling as an RE activity that allows the systematic integration of prior domain knowledge into design ML systems. We propose workflow to elicit low-level model and from high-level using models. The approach is demonstrated on industrial fault detection system. outlines future research needed establish practice.

Electrical properties of tungsten on silicon carbide (4H-SiC) Schottky diodes are investigated through the analysis forward current–voltage (I–V) characteristics measured at elevated temperatures within range 303–448 K. The subsequently derived barrier heights (SBHs) and ideality factors found to be temperature dependent with distributions that adequately explained framework model proposed by Tung in which he considers a metal–semiconductor interface as consisting locally non-uniform but...

This paper presents a new method for increasing the measurement accuracy of giant magnetoresistive (GMR) sensors. The used is to linearize output characteristic by numerically eliminating hysteresis-the main error source. A simplified mathematical model hysteresis derived from T(x) and tested in software simulation environment comparing results with real measurements. then discretized implemented on fixed-point digital signal processor (DSP). An algorithm based developed order eliminate...

This paper presents a novel hysteresis compensation method for increasing the measurement accuracy of magnetoresistive (MR) sensors such as anisotropic magnetoresistance (AMR), giant (GMR), and tunnel (TMR) sensors. A coil consisting one winding is processed on top sensor element. configuration allows short current pulses (positive negative) to generate defined magnet field, which should be much stronger than field measured. In this case, MR can always kept in same magnetic loop (major loop)...

Nowadays, dc current is much more widely used than a decade ago, not only in the well-known high-voltage transmission but also as dc-powered marine systems, data centers, and fast charging systems for electric vehicles. However, galvanically isolated voltage or sensors are, terms of accuracy, noise level, dimensions, still far behind ac measurement devices low medium areas. In this paper, giant-magnetoresistive-based sensor system galvanic measurements introduced. The mainly consists special...

Magnetic sensor arrays have been widely regarded as the practical implementations of current transducers, due to their ability meet demands for low power consumption and high accuracy in a wide frequency range. However, when used reconstruct currents flowing massive parallel conductors, e.g., three-phase system, setup still proves be susceptible effects external magnetic fields. In an effort improve immunity this method, differential array field sensors is investigated. approach,...

To fully realize the advantages of DC microgrids, such as high energy efficiency, excellent reliability, and ability to handle high-dynamic loads, special measurement equipment for control, safety monitoring tasks are required. The must be efficient, precise, should combine a bandwidth with fast digital communication. fulfill all needs electronic current sensor, using circular array six uniformly installed micro fluxgate magnetic field sensors, was developed evaluated. combines low-power...

Contactless galvanically isolated magnetic field-based current sensors utilizing hard ferromagnetic cores are widely used in many applications, for example, power converters drives or wind turbines. New measurement methods, e.g., circular arrays of field sensors, offer some advantages, such as low weight, mechanical flexibility, and independence the nonlinear hysteretic behavior core. Those sensor can be operated an open-loop manner a closed-loop with additional compensation coil. The...

A method is presented for increasing the measurement accuracy of GMR (giant magnetoresistive) sensors by numerically eliminating hysteresis in output signal. simplified mathematical model has been derived from T(x) anticipating values. The implemented a software simulation environment and compared with real sensor measurements, very good results. Further, quantised on fixed-point digital signal controller (DSC), connected to sensors. linear characteristic delivered this case DSC confirmed...

The electrical characteristics of ion-implanted guard rings for molybdenum (Mo) Schottky diodes on 4H-SiC are analyzed the basis standard thermionic emission model and assumption a Gaussian distribution barrier height. For edge termination, high-resistivity manufactured by carbon aluminum areas were used. Extractions heights silicon carbide (4H-SiC) have been performed structures with various gate metallization, using both current–voltage–temperature (I–V–T) capacitance–voltage (C–V)...