The draft IEEE 802.11 wireless local area network (WLAN) specification is approaching completion. In this article, the protocol explained, with particular emphasis on medium access control sublayer. Performance results are provided for packetized data and a combination of voice over WLAN. Our performance investigation reveals that an may be able to carry traffic time-bounded requirements using point coordination function. However, our findings suggest must handled in conjunction echo canceler.

Prolonged life expectancy, style and environmental changes have caused a changing disease pattern in developed countries towards an increase of degenerative autoimmune diseases. Stem cells become promising tool for their treatment by promoting tissue repair protection from immune-attack associated damage. Patient-derived autologous stem present safe option this since these will not induce immune rejection thus multiple treatments are possible without any risk allogenic sensitization, which...

Analysis of the draft IEEE 802.11 wireless local area network (WLAN) standard is needed to characterize expected performance standard's ad hoc and infrastructure networks. The medium access control (MAC) sublayer, which consists distributed coordination function (DCF) point (PCF), determined by simulating asynchronous data traffic in a 1 Mbps network, packetized voice network. simulation models incorporate effect burst errors, packet size, RTS threshold fragmentation on throughput delay....

Providing quality-of-service (QoS) guarantees over wireless packet networks poses a host of technical challenges that are not present in wireline networks. One the key issues is how to account for characteristics time-varying channel and impact link-layer error control provisioning packet-level QoS. We accommodate both aspects analyzing packet-loss performance link. consider cases single multiplexed traffic streams. The link capacity fluctuates according fluid version Gilbert-Elliott model....

In this paper, we analyze the mean delay experienced by a Markovian source over wireless channel with time-varying error characteristics. The link implements selective-repeat automatic repeat request (ARQ) scheme for retransmission of erroneous packets. We obtain good approximations total delay, which consists transport and resequencing delays. in turn, queueing transmission contrast to previous studies, our analysis accommodates both inherent correlations between packet interarrival times...

Providing quality-of-service (QoS) guarantees over wireless links requires thorough understanding and quantification of the interactions among traffic source, channel, underlying link-layer error control mechanisms. We account for such in an analytical model that we use to investigate delay distribution packet discard rate (PDR) a link. Our analysis accommodates inherent autocorrelations both source as well channel characteristics. An on-off fluid process is used arrival packets at...

The multipotency and anti-inflammatory effects of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) make them attractive for cell therapy in regenerative medicine. A large number MSCs is required efficient owing to the low homing efficiency target sites. Furthermore, limitations obtaining sufficient amounts MSCs, vitro expansion that preserves their differentiation proliferative potential essential. animal factor included culture media also limits clinical application. In this study, adipose-derived showed a...

Light pollution has been receiving increased attention worldwide. Scientific research provided convincing evidence that ties artificial lighting to health-related issues. Consequently, the involved parties are now leaned towards implementation of regulations help limit use lighting. Many countries, together with international organizations, have embarked on setting standards and aimed at halting excessive improper usage lighting, there-by eradicating light its effects. In Korea, outdoor...

Mobile computing has the potential for managing information globally. Data management issues in mobile have received some attention recent times, and design of adaptive broadcast protocols been posed as an important problem. Such are employed by database servers to decide on content broadcasts dynamically, response client mobility demand patterns. In this paper we such also propose efficient retrieval strategies that may be clients download from broadcasts. The goal is cooperative between...

In this work we propose an energy-efficient transmission strategy for wireless sensor networks that operate in a strict energy-constrained environment. Our algorithm consists of two components: binary-decision based and channel-aware backoff adjustment. the transmission, decision on whether to transmit or not is absolutely dependent current channel conditions. Specifically, initiated only when quality exceeds specified threshold, so unsuccessful transmissions causing waste energy are avoided...

We propose a media access control (MAC) protocol for wireless local area networks (LANs) that is capable of supporting various types traffic demands, such as constant bit rate (CBR) voice, variable bit-rate (VBR) video, and packet data. In addition, the proposed provides seamless connectivity to broadband ATM backbone network. Our protocol, having an air interface comparable ATM, adopts dynamic channel allocation scheme which enables expeditious network-access utilizes bandwidth resource...

Simulation of landscape ecosystems with high realism demands computing power greatly exceeding that curent workstation technology. However, the prospects are excellent modelling and simulation environments may be implemented on next-generation high-performance, heterogeneous distributed platforms. Computing technology is becoming powerful enough to support voluminous amounts knowledge/information necessary for representing such systems speed required simulations provide reliable answers in...

This letter presents a novel anti-collision algorithm for radio frequency identification (RFID) systems that drastically improve throughput performance via an intelligent access control capture inducement. In order to induce the capture, our protocol attempts divide tags into multiple groups depending on received signal strength, and allow only selected pair of join contention process, in which outcome is more likely lead due significant difference their strengths. Numerical results show...

An implementation of real-time simulation and control in DEVS-Scheme, a knowledge-based, discrete-event environment, is described. A methodology illustrated which the plant its actuators sensors are described by models developed within event-based paradigm. model controller employed to validate design plant/actuator/sensor experimental frame.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>

A fluxless flip-chip bonding process in hydrogen environment using newly developed Sn-rich Sn-Au electroplated multilayer solder bumps is presented. Cr/Au dual layer employed as the plating seed and underbump metallurgy (UBM). This UBM design, seldom used electronic industry, explained some details. To realize possibility, proper intermetallic growth over composite structure needed. In this connection, we like to point out that it much harder achieve Sn–Au design than familiar Au-rich...

Clonorchis sinensis causes a major food-borne helminthic infection. This species locates in mammalian hepatobiliary ducts, where oxidative stressors and hydrophobic substances are profuse. To adapt to the hostile micromilieu ensure its long-term survival, parasite continuously produces diverse repertoire of antioxidant enzymes including several glutathione transferases (GSTs). Helminth GSTs play pertinent roles during sequestration harmful xenobiotics since most helminths lack cytochrome...

With the advent of Internet Things (IoT) era, a wide array wireless sensors supporting IoT have proliferated. As key elements for enabling IoT, sensor nodes require minimal energy consumption and low device complexity. In particular, energy-efficient resource scheduling is critical in maintaining network nodes, since energy-intensive processing their interactions too complicated to control. this study, we present practical deep Q-network (DQN)-based packet algorithm that coordinates...

A novel anti-collision technique is proposed to maximize identification performance in slotted Aloha based radio frequency (RFID) systems. We observe that much higher throughput can be achieved by identifying tags a divide-and-conquer method, which the set of partitioned into multiple subsets roughly equal size and then each subset identified sequence. Numerical results show our proposal outperforms existing methods significant margin.

Alveolar echinococcosis (AE), caused by the Echinococcus multilocularis metacestode, represents one of most frequently fatal zoonoses. Early diagnosis significantly reduces morbidity and mortality associated with AE. Diagnosis AE largely depends on a combination imaging serological tests due to its minimal clinical manifestations. Several antigens derived from whole worm protoscolex have been targeted for serodiagnosis, while antigenic properties E. hydatid fluid (EmHF) are unclear. We...