A5012247601- earthquake and tectonic studies
- Geology and Paleoclimatology Research
- Geological formations and processes
- Geological and Geophysical Studies
- Methane Hydrates and Related Phenomena
- Geological and Geochemical Analysis
- Earthquake and Tsunami Effects
- Landslides and related hazards
- Coastal and Marine Dynamics
- Seismology and Earthquake Studies
- High-pressure geophysics and materials
- Earthquake Detection and Analysis
- Tropical and Extratropical Cyclones Research
- Marine and environmental studies
- Seismic Imaging and Inversion Techniques
- Cryospheric studies and observations
- Geological and Geophysical Studies Worldwide
- Paleontology and Stratigraphy of Fossils
- Marine Biology and Ecology Research
- Oceanographic and Atmospheric Processes
- Pacific and Southeast Asian Studies
- Maritime and Coastal Archaeology
- Geochemistry and Geologic Mapping
- Ocean Waves and Remote Sensing
- Geophysics and Gravity Measurements
British Geological Survey
2013-2023
University College London
2019-2021
UCL Australia
2019
University of Rhode Island
2005
University of Hawaii System
2005
Southern California University for Professional Studies
2002
University of Southern California
2002
King's College Hospital
2000
Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry and Food
1989
The origin of the Papua New Guinea tsunami that killed over 2100 people on 17 July 1998 has remained controversial, as dislocation sources based parent earthquake fail to model its extreme run–up amplitude. generation tsunamis by submarine mass failure had been considered a rare phenomenon which aroused virtually no attention in terms hazard mitigation. We report recently acquired high–resolution seismic reflection data yield new images large underwater slump, coincident with photographic...
Many studies have modeled the Tohoku tsunami of March 11, 2011 as being due entirely to slip on an earthquake fault, but following discrepancies suggest that further research is warranted. (1) Published models propagation and coastal impact underpredict observed runup heights up 40 m measured along coast Sanriku district in northeast part Honshu Island. (2) cannot reproduce timing high-frequency content waves recorded at three nearshore buoys off Sanriku, nor dispersion properties waveforms...
Abstract On Dec. 22, 2018, at approximately 20:55–57 local time, Anak Krakatau volcano, located in the Sunda Straits of Indonesia, experienced a major lateral collapse during period eruptive activity that began June. The discharged volcaniclastic material into 250 m deep caldera southwest which generated tsunami with runups up to 13 on adjacent coasts Sumatra and Java. caused least 437 fatalities, greatest number from volcanically-induced since catastrophic explosive eruption 1883 sector...
Abstract. Case studies of landslide tsunamis require integration marine geology data and interpretations into numerical simulations tsunami attack. Many generation propagation models have been proposed in recent time, further motivated by the 1998 Papua New Guinea event. However, few these proven capable integrating best available successful case that reproduce all observations records. We show nonlinear dispersive may be necessary for many studies. GEOWAVE is a comprehensive simulation...
Abstract. The Papua New Guinea (PNG) tsunami of July 1998 was a seminal event because it demonstrated that relatively small and deepwater Submarine Mass Failures (SMFs) can cause devastating local tsunamis strike without warning. There is comprehensive data set proves this caused by submarine slump. Yet, the source has remained controversial. This controversy attributed to several causes. Before PNG event, questionable as whether SMFs could tsunamis. As result, only limited modelling sources...
Based on numerical simulations presented in Part I, we derive predictive empirical equations describing tsunami generation by submarine mass failure (SMF) that are only valid the vicinity of sources. We give for slides and slumps, along with some cautions about their appropriate use. further discuss results obtained here I practical application to case studies. show initial acceleration is primary parameter SMF center motion during generation. explain an apparent paradox, raised slump...
Volcanic eruptions on land create hot and fast pyroclastic density currents, triggering tsunamis or surges that travel over water where they reach the ocean. However, no field study has documented what happens when large volumes of erupted volcanic material are instead delivered directly into We show how rapid emplacement onto steep submerged slopes triggered extremely (122 kilometers per hour) long-runout (>100 kilometers) seafloor currents. These currents were faster than those by...
Two major marine surveys off northern Papua New Guinea (PNG) earlier this year now suggest, when survivors' reports are taken into account, that last summer's disastrous tsunami there was caused by a sediment slump 25 km offshore. The probably the result of seabed shaking from an earthquake. Not only slump, or submarine landslide, responsible for tsunami, according to data, but magnitude and wave‐height distribution along coast were focusing local morphology. conclusions based on new...
High-resolution multibeam bathymetry data from the Sumatran subduction zone reveal regional and local morphology, including small-scale fault-related features landslides that may be linked to earthquakes in recent geological past. The accretionary prism is steeply sloped pervasively eroded, with evidence of unusual landward vergence (seaward fault dip) frontal thrusts. Small-scale (5–100 m height) scarps, folds, troughs are common along seaward edge thrust at deformation front. A model...
Abstract As demonstrated at Anak Krakatau on December 22 nd , 2018, tsunamis generated by volcanic flank collapse are incompletely understood and can be devastating. Here, we present the first high-resolution characterisation of both subaerial submarine components collapse. Combined Synthetic Aperture Radar data aerial photographs reveal an extensive failure that bounds pre-event deformation products. To southwest volcano, bathymetric seismic reflection a blocky landslide deposit (0.214 ±...
Abstract The Makassar Strait is an important oceanic gateway, through which the main branch of Indonesian Throughflow (ITF) transports water from Pacific to Indian Ocean. This study identifies a number moderate (>10 km 3 ) giant (up 650 mass transport deposits within North Basin Pleistocene–Recent section. majority submarine landslides that formed these originated Mahakam pro-delta, with largest skewed south. We see clear evidence for ocean-current erosion, lateral and contourite...
The Mw 7.5 earthquake that struck Central Sulawesi, Indonesia, on September 28, 2018, was rapidly followed by coastal landslides and destructive tsunami waves within Palu Bay. Here, we present new modeling supports a dual source mechanism from the supershear strike-slip landslides. Up until now mechanism: earthquake, landslides, or combination of both, has remained controversial, because published research been inconclusive; with some studies explaining most observations others Major...
Research Article| September 01, 2004 Megatsunami deposits on Kohala volcano, Hawaii, from flank collapse of Mauna Loa Gary M. McMurtry; McMurtry 1School Ocean and Earth Science Technology, University Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, USA Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar Gerard J. Fryer; Fryer David R. Tappin; Tappin 2British Geological Survey, Kingsley Dunham Centre, Keyworth, Nottingham NG12 5GG, UK Ian P. Wilkinson; Wilkinson Mark Williams; Williams Jan Fietzke; Fietzke...
Recent research on submarine mass failures (SMFs) shows that they are a source of hazardous tsunamis, with the tsunami magnitude mainly dependent water depth failure, SMF volume and failure mechanism, cohesive slump or fragmental landslide. A major control mechanism SMFs is sediment type, together its post-depositional alteration. The type sediment, fine- coarse-grained, rate deposition processes may all be influenced by climate. Post-depositional processes, termed 'preconditioning', known...