The diverse structures and unique properties of hydrogels have attracted significant attentions in recent years. Compared to chemically cross-linked hydrogels, natural polymer-based with physical interactions are environmentally friendly owning the free chemical cross-linking agents exhibit many advantages as reversible non-covalent bonds. This review aims summarize instructive strategies for designing based on bonds derived from functional groups polymers develop various extend application...

The design of a low-voltage low-power fourth-order single-bit continuous-time Delta-Sigma modulator is presented in this paper for audio applications. employs an input-feedforward topology order to reduce internal signal swings, thus relaxes the linearity and slew rate requirements on amplifiers leading operation consumption. energy efficiency further improved by embedding summation feedforward paths into quantizer. For operation, gain-enhanced fully-differential amplifier body-driven...

An immunofiltration strip is a promising rapid and powerful tool for the routine monitoring of foodborne pathogenic bacteria. However, assay generally less sensitive than other immunological techniques. A novel method based on photothermal effect gold nanoparticles (GNPs) was developed sensitive, rapid, simple handheld low-cost detection Escherichia coli O157:H7. The GNPs used to achieve amplification signals improve sensitivity method. thermal contrasts caused by were proportional bacteria...

Rate splitting (RS) has the potential to significantly enhance both energy efficiency (EE) and spectral (SE) of wireless networks. In this paper, we propose joint design beamforming rate allocation maximize EE SE a downlink multicell multiple-input single-output (MISO) system with common coordination (RS-CBC). This problem is formulated as non-convex quadratically-constrained multi-objective optimization (MOOP). By investigating quasi-concavity relationship between SE, MOOP transformed into...

A novel integrated biosensor for biotoxicity assay has been developed by co-immobilizing microorganisms and mediators within a redox hydrogel.

Few-Shot Class-Incremental Learning (FSCIL) techniques are essential for developing Deep (DL) models that can continuously learn new classes with limited samples while retaining existing knowledge. This capability is particularly crucial DL-based retinal disease diagnosis system, where acquiring large annotated datasets challenging, and phenotypes evolve over time. paper introduces Re-FSCIL, a novel framework Retinal Disease Recognition (FSCIRDR). Re-FSCIL integrates the RETFound model...

In this paper, we investigate the effect of primary network on secondary when harvesting energy in cognitive radio presence multiple power beacons and transmitters. particular, influence transmitter's transmit is examined by studying two scenarios location, i.e., location near to far from network. scenario where transmitter locates network, although can be benefit harvested transmitter, interference caused suppresses performance. Meanwhile, both scenarios, despite fact that improved support...

We investigate the secrecy performance of an underlay small-cell cognitive radio network under unreliable backhaul connections. The shares same spectrum with primary network, ensuring that a desired outage probability constraint is always met in network. To improve security we propose three sub-optimal transmitter selection schemes, namely selection, minimal interference and eavesdropping selection. Closed-form expressions non-zero rate, probability, ergodic capacity are provided for schemes...

β-Galactosidase generated by<italic>Bacillus subtilis</italic>catalyzes the hydrolysis of ONPG to produce ONP, which can be detected at 420 nm and used evaluate acute biotoxicity heavy metal ions that inhibit activity enzyme.

Infrared polarization results from infrared-emitted radiation and reflected effects. Polarization generated by infrared reflection is perpendicularly polarized, whereas emission parallelly polarized. Using the feature in different directions can enhance detection discrimination of target. Based on Stokes vector, degree angle are obtained. Then, according to analysis states, an orthogonality difference method extracting features proposed. An intensity images fused using algorithm...

Abstract A novel electrochemical sensor based on ZrO 2 and ZnO hybrid nanocomposites was constructed for the specific determination of dopamine (DA) with ultra-high sensitivity selectivity. The structure properties composites were investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), automatic gas adsorption apparatus electrochemistry. results show that in /ZnO nanocomposite, has a large surface area abundant active site, which can accelerate oxidation reduction...

One method for the identification of incipient transformer failures due to partial discharges involves measuring concentration dissolved gases in oil. The number monitored is often considerable (⩾10), and there a problem tracking time varying patterns these yield meaningful prognostic information. This contribution describes use chromatic processing techniques gas domain yielding conveniently assimilable information form maps purposes. Such take polar diagrams various parameters such as hue...

In this research, the authors investigate outage probability (OP) of secondary network in a cognitive wireless powered communication network. Energy‐constrained users harvest energy from hybrid access‐point (H‐AP) and primary transmitter first phase. second phase, they select user based on two different schemes, namely best uplink channel selection (UCS) minimal interference (MICS), to transfer information H‐AP. The can share same spectrum with ensuring that desired OP constraint is always...

Abstract Gas sensors play a key role in gas detection. are prone to failure, so they of great significance classify sensor fault. Traditional fault diagnosis methods do not consider the condition imbalance data. In this paper, generative adversarial networks (GAN) method is used generate small sample data, balance various types and then random forest for classification. Finally, data obtained by self-made experimental system verify proposed method. The results show that could effectively...

A novel fiber Bragg grating acceleration sensor with high frequency in vertical direction and low horizontal based on a structure of stainless steel capillary is proposed. In its resonant can reach 2200Hz sensitivity 209pm/g so that we change the conveniently according to practical requirements or seismic exploration.

Based on the structure health monitoring of civil engineering such as bridges, dams, high-rise building, fiber Bragg grating sensor is used to achieve real-time and diagnosis structural performance, in order discovery damage evaluate safety structure. Fiber-optical sensing based flextensional member proposed. The measuring pressure, strain acceleration can be realized. camber beam belly analysed theoretically verified experimentally. proportional pressure vertical direction. Its biggest...

The health of a power electronic device is closely related to the mechanical stress waves released at moment when turned on and off. Research has shown potential in monitoring. However, correlation between defect severity wave signal characteristics not been fully established an effective evaluation method currently lacking. This article uses finite element simulation methods explore impact void defects chip solder base plate insulated gate bipolar transistor (IGBT) devices signals. By...