CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing is now revolutionizing the ability to effectively modify plant genomes in absence of efficient homologous recombination mechanisms that exist other organisms. However, soybean allotetraploid and commonly viewed as difficult inefficient transform. In this study, we demonstrate utility at relatively high efficiency. This was shown by specifically targeting Fatty Acid Desaturase 2 (GmFAD2) converts monounsaturated oleic acid (C18:1) polyunsaturated linoleic (C18:2),...

Association mapping (AM) is a powerful tool for fine complex trait variation down to nucleotide sequences by exploiting historical recombination events. A major problem in AM controlling false positives that can arise from population structure and family relatedness. False are often controlled incorporating covariates kinship mixed linear models (MLM). These MLM-based methods single locus introduce negatives due over fitting of the model. In this study, eight different statistical models,...

Genomic selection is a powerful tool in plant breeding. By building prediction model using training set with markers and phenotypes, genomic estimated breeding values (GEBVs) can be used as predictions of target only genotype data. There is, however, limited information on how accuracy optimized. The objective this study was to evaluate the performance 11 models across species terms for two traits different heritabilities several subsets population proportions. Species studied were maize...

A class of nuclear genes termed "restorers fertility" (Rf) acts to suppress the expression abnormal mitochondrial associated with cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS). In petunia, both Rf gene and CMS-associated have previously been identified. The is an aberrant chimera in which portions several mitochondrially encoded are fused unknown reading frame. dominant allele reduces protein nearly undetectable levels alters RNA population derived from CMS locus, but its mechanism action has not...

Although modern soybean cultivars feature yellow seed coats, with the only color variation found at hila, ancestral condition is black coats. Both coat and hila coloration are due to presence of phenylpropanoid pathway derivatives, principally anthocyanins. The genetics hilum were first investigated during resurgence 1920s, following rediscovery Mendel's work. Despite inclusion this phenotypic marker into extensive genetic maps developed for over last twenty years, basis behind phenomenon...

Plant seeds accumulate phosphorus in the form of myo ‐inositol‐1,2,3,4,5,6‐hexa‐ kis phosphate, commonly referred to as phytic acid. Phytic acid is found complexed with cationic mineral species phytate, which not well digested or absorbed by monogastric such humans, poultry, and swine. As a result, soybean [ Glycine max (L.) Merr.] has an effective deficiency other minerals, despite high levels minerals seed. Excreted phytate can also contribute contamination groundwater eutrophication...

Abstract Background Soybean ( Glycine max [L] Merr.) seed isoflavones have long been considered a desirable trait to target in selection programs for their contribution human health and plant defense systems. However, attempts modify isoflavone contents not always produced the expected results because genetic basis is polygenic complex. Undoubtedly, extreme variability that display over environments has obscured our understanding of genetics involved. Results In this study, mapping...

Soybean (Glycine max) seeds are the primary source of edible oil in United States. Despite its widespread utility, soybean is oxidatively unstable. Until recently, majority underwent chemical hydrogenation, a process which also generates trans fats. An alternative to hydrogenation genetic modification seed through identification and introgression mutant alleles. One target for improvement elevation saturated fat with no negative cardiovascular impacts, stearic acid, typically constitutes...

Soybean seed contains antinutritional compounds that inactivate digestive proteases, principally corresponding to two families: Kunitz trypsin inhibitors (KTi) and Bowman-Birk (BBI). High levels of raw soybean/soybean meal in feed mixtures can cause poor weight gain pancreatic abnormalities via inactivation trypsin/chymotrypsin enzymes. protein is routinely heat-treated inhibitors, a practice energy-intensive costly degrade certain essential amino acids. In this work, we screened from 520...

High growth temperatures negatively affect soybean (

Plant-parasitic nematodes are one of the most economically impactful pests in agriculture resulting billions dollars realized annual losses worldwide. Soybean cyst nematode (SCN) is number biotic constraint on soybean production making it a priority for discovery, validation and functional characterization native plant resistance genes genetic modes action that can be deployed to improve yield across globe. Here, we present discovery gene, GmSNAP02. We use unique bi-parental populations...

The relatively low genetic variation of current US soybean [ Glycine max (L.) Merr.] cultivars constrains the improvement grain yield and other agronomic seed composition traits. Recently, a substantial effort has been undertaken to introduce novel diversity present in wild ( soja Siebold & Zucc.) into elite cultivars, both public private breeding programs. objectives this research were evaluate phenotypic within collection 80 G. plant introductions (PIs) USDA National Genetic Resources...

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Abstract Damage to mature soybean [ Glycine max (L.) Merr.] seed occurs when seeds are subjected weathering, fungi, and insects under hot humid conditions. Such damage can be exacerbated by delays in harvest. Mature (MSD) causes lost revenue both producers processors, as well lower quality of the seed, protein meal, oil consumers. The release DS1260‐2 (Reg. no. GP‐531, PI 705148) USDA‐ARS is part our effort increase tolerance using traditional plant breeding. Tolerance MSD was derived from...

Soybean [ Glycine max (L.) Merr.] oil typically contains about 7% of linolenic acid, an oxidatively unstable fatty acid that is undesirable for many food applications. For cooking oil, reduction the content by partial hydrogenation produces trans acids, which are now known to increase risk coronary heart disease. Genetic was achieved decades ago, and recently molecular genetic basis both 3% 1% soybean germplasm revealed be combinations mutations in three independent members omega‐3...

The elemental content of a soybean seed is determined by both genetic and environmental factors an important component its nutritional value. chemically stable, making the samples stored in germplasm repositories intriguing source experimental material. To test efficacy using from banks for gene discovery, we analyzed profile seeds 1,653 lines USDA Soybean Germplasm Collection. We observed large differences profiles based on where were grown, which lead us to break up analysis into multiple...

An epistatic interaction between SCN resistance loci rhg1-a and rhg2 in PI 90763 imparts against virulent populations which can be employed to diversify soybean cultivars. With more than 95% of the $46.1B market dominated by a single type genetic resistance, breeding for cyst nematode (SCN)-resistant that effectively combat widespread increase presents significant challenge. Rhg genes (for Resistance Heterodera glycines) play key role SCN; however, their deployment beyond use rhg1-b allele...

Drought causes significant soybean [ Glycine max (L.) Merr.] yield losses each year in rain-fed production systems of many regions. Genetic improvement for drought tolerance is a cost-effective approach to stabilize under management. The objectives this study were confirm previously reported loci and identify novel associated with canopy wilting (CW) using panel 200 diverse maturity group (MG) IV accessions. These accessions along six checks planted at site-years an augmented incomplete...

ABSTRACT Soybean [ Glycine max (L.) Merr.] oil from conventional cultivars typically contains ~30 g kg −1 stearic acid of the total seed oil. Increased concentration in soybeans is desirable for certain food and industrial uses. To date a small number mutants have been developed with increased levels three to six times that normal. At least two such lines were found possess separate mutations delta‐9‐stearoyl‐acyl carrier protein desaturase C gene ( SACPD‐C ) dramatically concentration. We...

Abstract In an effort to develop alternatives for harmful trans fats produced by partial hydrogenation of vegetable oils, oleogels high‐stearic soybean (A6 and MM106) oils were prepared with sunflower wax (SW) as the oleogelator. Oleogels did not have greater firmness when compared regular oil (SBO) at room temperature. However, 4 °C sharply increased due high content stearic acid. High‐stearic acid SBO had more polar compounds than SBO. Polar in inversely affected oleogels. Differential...

ABSTRACT Soybeans [ Glycine max (L.) Merr.] with high‐oleic acid content are desired by oil processors because of their improved oxidative stability for broader use in food, fuel, and other products. However, non‐genetically modified organism (GMO), soybeans have tended to low seed yield. The objective this study was test non‐GMO, soybean lines derived from new gene combinations yield composition traits. Soybean ∼750 800 g kg –1 oleic concentration were generated combining mutant allele...

Abstract The mature seeds of soybean ( Glycine max L. Merr) are a valuable source high‐quality edible lipids and protein. Despite dramatic breeding gains over the past 80 years, oil continues to be oxidatively unstable, due high proportion polyunsaturated triacylglycerols. Until recently, majority underwent partial chemical hydrogenation. Mounting health concerns trans fats, however, has increased efforts introgress mutant biotechnological genetic alterations composition into high‐yielding...