A5091692011- Oceanographic and Atmospheric Processes
- Ocean Waves and Remote Sensing
- Climate variability and models
- Tropical and Extratropical Cyclones Research
- Marine and coastal ecosystems
- Arctic and Antarctic ice dynamics
- Meteorological Phenomena and Simulations
- Ocean Acidification Effects and Responses
- Coastal and Marine Dynamics
- Atmospheric and Environmental Gas Dynamics
- Underwater Acoustics Research
- Atmospheric chemistry and aerosols
- Ionosphere and magnetosphere dynamics
- Wind and Air Flow Studies
- Disaster Management and Resilience
- Radar Systems and Signal Processing
- Marine and fisheries research
- Coastal and Marine Management
- Atmospheric aerosols and clouds
- Cryospheric studies and observations
- earthquake and tectonic studies
- Geophysics and Gravity Measurements
Bureau of Meteorology
2009-2023
Centre for Southern Hemisphere Oceans Research
2020
UNSW Sydney
2004-2020
CSIRO Oceans and Atmosphere
2010-2020
Scripps Institution of Oceanography
2020
National Oceanography Centre
2020
Ube Frontier University
2018
Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation
2009
The Subantarctic Zone (SAZ), which covers the northern half of Southern Ocean between Subtropical and Fronts, is important for air‐sea CO 2 exchange, ventilation lower thermocline, nutrient supply global ocean productivity. Here we present first high‐resolution autonomous observations mixed layer partial pressure ( p ) hydrographic properties covering a full annual cycle in SAZ. amplitude seasonal (∼60 μatm), from near‐atmospheric equilibrium late winter to ∼330 μatm midsummer, results...
The generation and evolution of ocean waves by wind is one the most complex phenomena in geophysics, great practical significance. Predictive capabilities respective wave models, however, are impaired lack field situ observations, particularly extreme Metocean conditions. paper outlines highlights important gaps understanding processes suggests a major observational program Southern Ocean. This large, but poorly investigated part World Ocean home to weather around year. network would include...
Progress in understanding Southern Ocean heat exchange and wind forcing is discussed new results presented. These include a metric of the zonal asymmetry between surface ocean gain Atlantic/Indian sector loss Pacific sector. The arises from an intersector variation humidity gradient sea near-surface atmosphere. This increases by 60% enabling 20 Wm-2 stronger latent compared with used for intercomparison atmospheric reanalyses CMIP6 climate simulations. has weaker primarily due to Indian...
The Southern Ocean is a key component of the global climate system: insulating Antarctic polar region from subtropics, transferring signals throughout world's oceans and forming southern overturning circulation. However, air‐sea fluxes that drive these processes are severely under‐observed due to harsh remote location. This paucity reference observations has resulted in large uncertainties ship‐based, numerical weather prediction, satellite derived flux products. Here, we report Flux Station...
Abstract This study uses shipborne cloud radar and surface radiation measurements collected over the Southern Ocean to characterize frequency, fraction, radiative effects on ocean surface. These properties are also used evaluate a regional forecast model. Low‐level clouds, either alone or cooccurring with layers aloft, present ~ 77% of time in this data set. clouds had very low high fraction at 12 km horizontal resolution, about half characterized by higher than 80%. Overall, shortwave...
Abstract Wintertime surface ocean heat loss is the key process driving formation of Subantarctic Mode Water (SAMW), but there are few direct observations fluxes, particularly during winter. The Ocean Observatories Initiative (OOI) Southern mooring in southeast Pacific and Flux Station (SOFS) Indian provide first concurrent, multiyear time series air–sea fluxes from two SAMW regions. In this work we compare drivers wintertime by comparing mixed layers at these locations. A gridded Argo...
The Subantarctic Zone, the circumpolar region of Southern Ocean between Subtropical and fronts, plays an important role in air-sea CO 2 exchange, storage anthropogenic , ventilation lower thermocline. Here we use a time series from moored platforms deployed 2011 2021 as part Time Series (SOTS) observatory to investigate seasonality interannual variability upper ocean hydrography seawater partial pressure (pCO ). is net sink for atmospheric over nearly 10-year record, with trends revealing...
The CSIRO, Bureau of Meteorology, University Tasmania, and Antarctic Climate Ecosystems CRC operate the Integrated Marine Observing System (IMOS) Southern Ocean Time Series (SOTS) facility with funding from National Collaborative Research Infrastructure Strategy (NCRIS)- a set moorings designed to quantify physical, chemical, biological processes important transfer heat, moisture, momentum, oxygen carbon dioxide between atmosphere ocean. There are 3 mooring platforms at SOTS site near 140°E,...
Abstract The Australian marine research, industry, and stakeholder community has recently undertaken an extensive collaborative process to identify the highest national priorities for wind-waves research. This was under auspices of Forum Operational Oceanography Surface Waves Working Group. main steps in were first, soliciting possible research questions from via online survey; second, reviewing at a face-to-face workshop; third, ranking by individuals. resulted 15 identified priorities,...
The timing of pelagic spring blooms has received attention to understand controls on open ocean productivity and its potential responses climate change. Many studies have relied surface chlorophyll (Chl) define bloom initiation because availability from satellite observations, but this limited utility it ignores the full water column budget biomass represents only small residual term in balance between production loss. Additional important measures include net community (NCP) which...
When tsunami waves propagate across the open ocean, they are steered by Coriolis effect and refraction due to gentle gradients in bathymetry on scales longer than wavelength. wave encounters steep at edges of continental shelves coast, becomes nonlinear conservation momentum produces squirts surface current head submerged canyons coastal bays. High frequency (HF) ocean radar is well conditioned observe bursts edge shelf give a warning 40 minutes 2 hours when 50 200 km wide. The period...
Abstract A method for routinely verifying numerical weather prediction surface marine winds with satellite scatterometer is introduced. The from the Australian Bureau of Meteorology’s operational global and regional systems are evaluated. model layer described. Marine limited-area models compared observations, both in situ (anemometer) remote (scatterometer). 2-yr verification shows that wind speeds typically underestimated by approximately 5%, a greater bias meridional direction than zonal...
R/V Franklin followed a drifter for 8 days in the equatorial Indian Ocean to test accuracy of mixed‐layer heat and freshwater budget closure. Four‐hourly triangles were repeated, towing SeaSoar with photometer conductivity‐temperature‐depth (CTD) profiler. Currents relative buoy at one depth obtained from (a) current meter 25 m below buoy; (b) Global Positioning System estimate; (c) drag estimate. Acoustic Doppler profiler (ADCP) shears provided currents other depths, agreed closely but...
Abstract The Southern Ocean Flux Station was deployed near 47°S, 140°E. extreme wind and wave conditions at this location require appropriate mooring design, which includes dynamic fatigue analysis static analysis. An accurate estimate of the essential. A motion reference unit in a nearby test for 6 months. data provided estimates significant height that agreed well with Australian Bureau Meteorology model, increasing confidence model performance Ocean. results using three input datasets...
Recent work has demonstrated that surface marine winds from the Bureau of Meteorology's operational Numerical Weather Prediction (NWP) systems are typically underestimated by 5 to 10%. This is likely cause significant bias in modelled wave fields forced these winds. A simple statistical adjustment wind components shown reduce observed Significant Wave Height considerably. The impact increasing vertical resolution NWP model and assimilating scatterometer data into assessed comparing resulting...
Abstract A method for removing ship motion from wind measurements using a simple and inexpensive strap-down system of accelerometers is described analyzed. In slight seas, error analysis indicates that mean root-mean-square uncertainties associated with the correction are 0.03 0.006 m s−1 horizontal vertical wind, respectively, all runs The uncertainty in stress due to 8 × 10−4 N m−2. shallow coastal sea setting, appears almost always be successfully detected removed component observed wind....
Abstract This study analyzed shipboard air‐sea measurements acquired by the icebreaker Aurora Australis during its off‐winter operation in December 2010 to May 2012. Mean conditions over 7 months (October–April) were compiled from a total of 22 ship tracks. The traversed water between Hobart, Tasmania, and Antarctic continent, providing valuable situ insight into two dynamically important, yet poorly sampled, regimes: sub‐Antarctic Southern Ocean marginal ice zone (MIZ) Indian sector....
Given the large uncertainties in surface heat fluxes over Southern Ocean, an assessment of obtained by European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts interim reanalysis (ERA-Interim) product, Australian Integrated Marine Observing System (IMOS) routine observations, and Objectively Analyzed Air–Sea Heat Fluxes (OAFlux) project hybrid dataset is performed. The are calculated using COARE 3.5 bulk algorithm with situ data from NOAA Physical Sciences Division flux system during Clouds,...
Surface heat fluxes from four atmospheric reanalyses in the Southern Ocean are evaluated using air–sea measurements obtained the Aurora Australis during off-winter seasons 2010–12. The icebreaker tracked between Hobart, Tasmania (ca. 42°S), and Antarctic continent, providing situ benchmarks for surface energy budget change Subantarctic (58–42°S) eastern marginal ice zone (MIZ, 68–58°S). We find that show a high-level agreement among themselves, but this reflects universal bias, not...