Abstract Developmental dyslexia is often characterized by a visual deficit, but the nature of this impairment and how it relates to reading ability disputed ( Brain 2003; 126 : 841–865). In order investigate issue, we compared groups adults with without on Ternus, visual‐search symbols tasks. Dyslexic readers yielded more errors tasks non‐dyslexic readers. A positive correlation between task performance suggests common mechanism shared these Performance also correlated non‐word rapid...

The ability to coordinate serial processing of multiple items is crucial for fluent reading but known be impaired in dyslexia. To investigate this impairment, we manipulated the orthographic and phonological similarity adjacent letters online as dyslexic nondyslexic readers named a naming (RAN) task. Eye movements voice onsets were recorded. Letter arrays contained target item pairs which second letter was orthographically or phonologically similar first when viewed either parafoveally...

Abstract This paper presents rational inattention as a new, transdiagnostic theory of information seeking in neurodevelopmental conditions that have uneven cognitive and socio‐emotional profiles, including developmental language disorder (DLD), dyslexia, dyscalculia autism. Rational holds the optimal solution to minimizing epistemic uncertainty is avoid imprecise sources. The key theoretical contribution this report endogenize imprecision, making it function primary neurocognitive...

Approximately 40% of children worldwide learn to read in a language other than their home or two languages simultaneously. Evidence suggests that instruction one can enhance literacy outcomes the other; however, existence and longevity these cross-language effects poorer readers is unclear. This study used cross-over randomised controlled trial design. Initially, 129 (mean age = 111.44 months, SD 12.23) participated 15-week Welsh intervention, while 128 110.62 12.34) served as wait-list...

Reading fluency is often indexed by performance on rapid automatized naming (RAN) tasks, which are known to reflect speed of access lexical codes. We used eye tracking investigate visual influences fluency. Specifically, we examined how crowding affects in a RAN-letters task an item-by-item basis, systematically manipulating the interletter spacing items, such that upcoming letters array were viewed fovea, parafovea, or periphery relative given fixated letter. All information was kept...

Reading fluency is often predicted by rapid automatized naming (RAN) speed, which as the name implies, measures automaticity with familiar stimuli (e.g., letters) can be retrieved and named. Readers dyslexia are considered to have less "automatized" access lexical information, reflected in longer RAN times compared nondyslexic readers. We combined task a Stroop-switch manipulation test of dyslexic readers' directly within task. Participants named letters 10 × 4 arrays while eye movements...

Language has been shown to influence non-linguistic cognitive operations such as colour perception, object categorization and motion event perception. Here, we show that language also modulates higher level processing, semantic knowledge. Using event-related brain potentials, highly fluent Welsh–English bilinguals require significantly less processing effort when reading sentences in Welsh which contain factually correct information about Wales, than containing the same presented English....

The ability to learn visual-phonological associations is a unique predictor of word reading, and individuals with developmental dyslexia show impaired in learning these associations. In this study, we compared developmentally dyslexic nondyslexic adults on their form cross-modal (or "bindings") based single exposure pairs visual phonological features. Reading groups were therefore the very early stages associative learning. We used working memory framework-including experimental designs...

Parkinson's disease (PD) has been associated with greater total power in canonical frequency bands (i.e., alpha, beta) of the resting electroencephalogram (EEG). However, PD also a reduction proportion across all bands. This discrepancy may be explained by aperiodic activity (exponent and offset) present Here, we examined differences eyes-open (EO) eyes-closed (EC) EEG participants (N = 26) on off medication, age-matched healthy controls (CTL; N 26). We extracted from using traditional...

Dyslexia in consistent orthographies like German is characterized by dysfluent reading, which often assumed to result from failure build up an orthographic lexicon and overreliance on decoding. However, earlier evidence indicates effects of lexical processing at least some dyslexic readers. We investigated variations reading style eye-tracking paradigm with 3rd 4th graders. Twenty-six TypFix-readers (fixation counts within the range 47 age-matched typical readers) were compared 42...

ABSTRACT Parkinson’s Disease (PD) has been associated with greater total power in canonical frequency bands (i.e., alpha, beta) of the resting electroencephalogram (EEG). However, PD also a reduction proportion across all bands. This discrepancy may be explained by aperiodic activity (exponent and offset) present Here, we examined differences eyes-open eyes-closed EEG participants ( N = 26) on off medication, age-matched controls (CTL; 26). We extracted from using traditional methods (total...

New evidence is accumulating for a deficit in binding visual-orthographic information with the corresponding phonological code developmental dyslexia. Here, we identify mechanisms underpinning this using event-related brain potentials (ERPs) dyslexic and control adult readers performing letter-matching task. In each trial, printed letter was presented synchronously an auditory name. Incongruent (mismatched), frequent trials were interleaved congruent (matched) infrequent target pairs, which...

The power of poetry is universally acknowledged, but it debatable whether its appreciation reserved for experts. Here we show that readers with no particular knowledge a traditional form Welsh unconsciously distinguish phrases conforming to complex poetic construction rules from those violate them. We studied the brain response native speakers as they read meaningful sentences ending in word either complied strict rules, violated consonantal repetition, stress pattern, or both these...

Readers with developmental dyslexia are known to be impaired in representing and accessing phonology, but their ability process meaning is generally considered intact. However, neurocognitive studies show evidence of a subtle semantic processing deficit dyslexic readers, relative typically-developing peers. Here, we compared typical adult readers on judge congruency (congruent vs. inconcongruent) short, two-word phrases, which were further manipulated for phonological relatedness...

Recent studies have revealed remarkable interactions between language and emotion. Here, we show that such influence judgments made regarding cultural information. Balanced Welsh–English bilinguals categorized statements about their native Welsh culture as true or false. Whilst participants positive when they were true, biased towards categorizing them also false, irrespective of the in which read them. Surprisingly, unbiased negative presented Welsh, but showed a reverse bias - sentences...