A5019473938- Substance Abuse Treatment and Outcomes
- Behavioral Health and Interventions
- Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior
- Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
- Alcohol Consumption and Health Effects
- Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Mental Health Research Topics
- Memory and Neural Mechanisms
- Homelessness and Social Issues
- Mental Health Treatment and Access
- Alcoholism and Thiamine Deficiency
- Prenatal Substance Exposure Effects
- Eating Disorders and Behaviors
- Biochemical Analysis and Sensing Techniques
- Mental Health and Patient Involvement
- Schizophrenia research and treatment
- Mind wandering and attention
- Obesity, Physical Activity, Diet
- COVID-19 and Mental Health
- Hormonal Regulation and Hypertension
- Smoking Behavior and Cessation
- Gestational Diabetes Research and Management
- Stress Responses and Cortisol
- Cannabis and Cannabinoid Research
- Decision-Making and Behavioral Economics
Liverpool John Moores University
2021-2025
Emory University
2024
Institute of Alcohol Studies
2023
Washington University in St. Louis
2022
University of Liverpool
2011-2021
UK Centre for Tobacco & Alcohol Studies
2014
King's College London
2008-2010
St George's, University of London
2010
University of Kentucky
2010
University of Bern
2010
People with schizophrenia frequently have significant problems in community functioning. Progress developing effective interventions to ameliorate these has been slowed by the absence of reliable and valid measures that are suitable for use clinical trials. The National Institute Mental Health convened a workgroup September 2005 examine this issue make recommendations field would foster research area. This article reports on issues raised at meeting. Many instruments developed assess...
Objectives: Problematic substance use is one of the most stigmatised health conditions leading research to examine how labels and models used describe it influence public stigma.Two recent studies whether beliefs in a disease model addiction stigma but result equivocal findingsin line with mixed-blessings model, Kelly et al. (2021) found that whilst label 'chronically relapsing brain disease' reduced blame attribution, decreased prognostic optimism increased perceived danger need for...
It has been proposed that alcohol weakens control processes, which in turn supports the occurrence of disinhibited behaviours. Two studies were run, parallel (both with 32 participants) using a between-subject design to investigate any disinhibiting effects moderate dose (0.6 g/kg compared placebo), previously found trigger increased desire for alcohol. Disinhibiting tested on basic motoric and cognitive go/no-go (GNG) Stroop task (ST) respectively. Although higher proportion participants...
Pavlovian to Instrumental Transfer (PIT) refers the behavioral phenomenon of increased instrumental responding for a reinforcer when in presence conditioned stimuli that were separately paired with reinforcer. PIT effects may play an important role substance use disorders, but little is known about brain mechanisms underlie these alcohol consumers. We report and electroencephalographic (EEG) data from group social drinkers (n = 31) who performed task which they chose between two responses...
There has long been need for a behavioural intervention that attenuates cue-evoked drug-seeking, but the optimal method remains obscure. To address this, we report three approaches to extinguish drug-seeking measured in Pavlovian instrumental transfer design, non-treatment seeking adult smokers and alcohol drinkers. The results showed ability of drug stimulus control over separately trained response was not affected by undergoing extinction training experiment 1, abolished discriminative 2,...
Motivation to drink alcohol can be measured in the laboratory using an ad-libitum 'taste test', which participants rate taste of alcoholic drinks whilst their intake is covertly monitored. Little known about construct validity this paradigm.The objective study was investigate variables that may compromise paradigm and its validity.We re-analysed data from 12 studies our incorporated test. We considered time day participants' awareness purpose test as potential confounding variables. examined...
Background: Evidence suggests that alcohol‐related problems are associated with impulsivity and disinhibited behavior. Less certain is whether behavior due to an impulsive disposition or alcohol’s ability disinhibit some people more than others. There a range of behaviors alcohol, including excessive alcohol consumption, bingeing. The study tested nondependent bingers showed disinhibition after placebo and/or relative nonbingers this was related enhanced motivation drink following priming...
Earlier work has shown that alcohol may have disinhibiting effects on behaviour. Two studies tested the of a moderate dose (0.6 g/kg) versus placebo tasks evaluate inhibitory processes related to stimuli, in moderate-to-heavy social drinkers (student population). An inhibition interference task, Stroop task (ST; study 1), and an prepotent response go/no-go (GNG; 2), were used. The working memory function also examined. Participants preloaded with made more errors colour ST than those...
Acute alcohol administration alters automatic processing of alcohol-related cues, impairs executive functions and increases seeking. Few studies have investigated the effects expecting to receive on these measures. Thirty-one social drinkers completed three experimental sessions receiving either 0.65 g/kg alcohol, a placebo control beverage (which they knew was not alcoholic) before reporting craving completing test battery including measure alcohol-approach tendencies (stimulus response...
Abstract The transition from goal‐directed to habitual control over drug‐seeking has been experimentally demonstrated in animals, but there have no comparable reports humans. Following a recent animal design, the current study employed an outcome‐devaluation procedure test whether tobacco seeking would be abolished by alcohol expectancy. Eighty smokers first learned that two responses earned or chocolate points, respectively, before was devalued health warnings and smoking satiety....
Hazardous drinking has been associated with risk taking and alcohol priming effects. However, the potential relationship between not investigated. The Balloon Analogue Risk Task (BART) is a behavioural measure of which appears to be behaviour. alcohol's acute effects on BART performance are clear, potentially mediating effect alcohol-induced tested.To assess dose performance; determine predictive utility habits; identify whether mediates (urge drink).A total 142 participants provided data...
Substance-related behaviour is often viewed as an appetitive behaviour, motivated by the reinforcing effects of drug. However, there are various indices substance motivation (e.g. attentional bias, behavioural economic demand, craving) and it unclear how these related or whether they play important role in all types substance-related behaviour.(1) To determine effect alcohol devaluation on several goal-directed cue-elicited behaviour. (2) investigate which components mediate any...
Drinking partners may be influenced by each other's alcohol consumption. However, these effects have only been shown in artificially created social pairings and typically among same-sex young adults. Here, we test whether similarly strong influence occur "real" pairs of acquaintances (friends partners) people are aware this on their consumption.Forty-six aged between 19 60 years old participated a between-subjects experiment, semi-naturalistic bar laboratory setting. One member pair (the...
Interoceptive drug cues, through associations with the drug's reinforcing properties, may act as conditioned stimuli and elicit responses. For instance, a dose of alcohol, given to alcohol-experienced people, can lead an enhancement alcohol drinking, phenomenon known priming effect. The present study aimed investigate effect in non-dependent social drinkers respect preload time testing after preload. Fifteen participated five daily consecutive sessions. On days 1 2 (training sessions),...
Abstract Owing to large‐scale ice‐shelf disintegration events, the Antarctic Larsen A and B areas recently became ice‐free. During ANT‐XXIII/8 Polarstern campaign, this region was sampled for first time. Our study is investigate benthic communities in area their response collapse of ice shelves Antarctic. The nematofauna appears be strongly influenced by sudden ice‐cover removal, although its differs from that macro‐ megabenthos. results indicate precollapse, sub‐ice were impoverished...
Alcohol intoxication is known to influence attentional biases for alcohol-related cues and alcohol-seeking behaviour. It unknown if heavier drinkers are more or less sensitive these effects of alcohol, whether the alcohol on bias associated with subsequent In present study, 55 social were administered either 0.4 g/kg placebo in a repeated measures, double-blind experimental design. Participants completed visual probe task eye movement monitoring (to measure bias) bogus taste test...
Expectations of drug availability increase the magnitude attentional biases for drug-related cues. However, it is unknown whether these effects are outcome specific, or expectation a specific reinforcer produces general enhancement bias other types rewarding In present study, 31 social drinkers completed an eye-tracking task in which alcohol- and chocolate-related cues was assessed while receiving alcohol chocolate manipulated on trial-by-trial basis. Participants showed (relative to neutral...
Alcohol cues increase physiological arousal, subjective craving and alcohol consumption. These effects may be mediated by state changes in disinhibition. In this study heavy social drinkers (N = 60) were exposed to a simulated bar environment, or water teaching room. Immediately after cue exposure, participants completed measure of disinhibition (stop-signal task) followed self-report measures craving, bogus taste test as ad libitum had no direct effect on although they led increased...