The dielectric functions of Cu(In, Ga)Se2(CIGS)-based polycrystalline layers with different Ga and Cu compositions have been determined by applying spectroscopic ellipsometry (SE) in a wide energy range 0.7–6.5 eV. To suppress SE analysis errors induced rough surface compositional fluctuation, quite thin CIGS (<60 nm) high uniformity toward the growth direction characterized using self-consistent method. We find that optical model used many previous studies is oversimplified...

We investigated the effects of Cr and Nb doping on metal–insulator transition (MIT) single-oriented VO2 films deposited Al2O3 substrates. The MIT temperature (TMI) increased with trivalent doping, whereas it decreased pentavalent doping. coefficient resistance (TCR) thermal hysteresis width (ΔTMI) were suppressed by was about twice as effective for decreasing TCR ΔTMI. found that maximum ΔTMI doped have a correlation lattice constant irrespective elements, suggesting deformation caused...

Ammonia gas sensing properties of a single‐layer doped with 5 mole percent (m/o) [ (5 m/o)] sensor and some double‐layer sensors catalyst layer on it have been investigated. The electrodes at the innermost region exhibited low sensitivity due to interference from produced as result complete oxidation , especially temperatures higher than 530°C. A slight enhancement in was achieved by coating m/o) layer. more remarkable realized changing electrode position interface between layer, when loaded...

This paper considers the position-tracking problem of a magnetic levitation system in presence modeling errors due to uncertainties physical parameters. A robust nonlinear controller is designed achieve excellent performance. The recently developed dynamic surface control modified and applied under study, over-come "explosion terms" associated with backstepping design procedure. Input-to-state stability analyzed, advantages technique over conventional are verified through both theoretical...

We investigated the effects of chromium (Cr) and niobium (Nb) co-doping on temperature coefficient resistance (TCR) thermal hysteresis metal–insulator transition vanadium dioxide (VO2) films. determined TCR thermal-hysteresis-width diagram V1−x−yCrxNbyO2 films by electrical-transport measurements we found that doping conditions x ≳ y + ≥ 0.1 are appropriate for simultaneously realizing a large value an absence in By using these findings, developed V0.90Cr0.06Nb0.04O2 film grown TiO2-buffered...

A fuzzy logic excitation system has been proposed to enhance the overall stability of power systems. The two control loops. One is voltage loop which achieves automatic regulator (AVR) function, and other damping gives PSS function. Simple rules are applied both input signal terminal voltage, real output. Simulation studies show advantages system.

We have investigated the active-layer-thickness dependence of exciton-photon interactions in planar CuCl microcavities with HfO${}_{2}/$SiO${}_{2}$ distributed Bragg reflectors. The active layer thickness was changed from $\ensuremath{\lambda}/$32 to $\ensuremath{\lambda}/$4, while cavity length fixed at $\ensuremath{\lambda}/$2. performed angle-resolved reflectance measurements and clearly detected three cavity-polariton modes, originating lower, middle, upper polariton branches, a...

The introduction of a TiO2 buffer layer significantly improved the temperature coefficient resistance (TCR), measure sharpness metal–insulator transition, for films VO2 grown on SiO2/Si (100) substrates at growth temperatures below 670 K. X-ray diffraction and Raman scattering measurements revealed that polycrystalline were formed TiO2-buffered low 600 K, whereas amorphous these without layer. Electron microscopy studies confirmed enhanced grain temperatures. K showed large TCR more than...

The authors propose a control algorithm for manipulator which executes tasks in cooperation with human operator. manipulation system has been designed assisting the operator to handle heavy objects. two force sensors at end of arm; one is used maneuver manipulator, and other interface between its working environment. proposed consists controllers; generates desired motion based on applied operational sensor by operator, controls interaction specifies both augmentation maneuverability...

Abstract We have investigated the characteristics of exciton polaritons in ZnO microcavities with different active layer thicknesses. The microcavity was made from a bulk and two distributed Bragg reflectors (DBRs) consisting HfO 2 SiO layers. adopted rf magnetron sputtering pulsed laser deposition for preparation DBR layer, respectively. Angle‐resolved reflectance spectra demonstrate formation cavity polaritons. From analysis using phenomenological Hamiltonian coupling between photon three...

We have investigated the characteristics of exciton polaritons in a CuCl microcavity with distributed Bragg reflectors (DBRs). Two sets multilayers, PbBr 2 /PbF and HfO /SiO , were adopted as DBRs order to study temporal stability microcavity. The thickness active layer was fixed an effective 3λ/2 length. Angle-resolved reflectance spectra clearly demonstrate formation cavity polaritons. From phenomenological analysis 3×3 Hamiltonian for cavity-polariton modes originating from Z 3 exciton,...

We have investigated the temperature dependence of cavity-polariton energies in ZnO and CuCl microcavities with HfO2/SiO2 distributed Bragg reflectors. From angle-resolved reflectance spectra at 10 K, we experimentally confirmed dispersions. The experimental dispersions were analyzed a phenomenological Hamiltonian for exciton-photon strong coupling. Furthermore, was measured. experiment results cavity polaritons on basis Hamiltonian, taking account Varshni's law to treat band-gap energy bulk...

This paper considers the position tracking problem of a magnetic levitation system in presence uncertainties physical parameters. The dynamic surface control (DSC) technique is modified and applied to under study, overcome "explosion terms" associated with backstepping design procedure. Input-to-state stability (ISS) property ensured by robust nonlinear damping terms whereas ultimate error bounds are made sufficiently small adaptive laws.

The effect of powder characteristics (such as specific surface area and morphology) iodine addition on the electrophoretic deposition (EPD) coating alumina Pt wire was investigated. Electrical conductivity bath solution increased by adding depended upon powder. Moreover, a suitable amount led to remarkable improvement stability solution, uniform EPD layers resulted Round shaped produced chemical vapor (CVD) method more than irregular made sol-gel for preparing thick layers. difference...

This paper is concerned with an efficient application of the direct boundary element method to plate bending analysis. Fundamental features formulation are first discussed, then a new procedure proposed for rational treatment corner point variables plate. The make use directional derivative integral equation deflection, provide necessary number equations at point. A sample problems including various conditions computed and results obtained compared available ones, whereby potential...

We studied the CuCl microcavity designed for enhancement of biexciton-photon coupling, in terms spectrally resolved four-wave mixing. observed strong dependence spectrum on polarization pump pulses and correlation between mixing signal, suggesting that biexciton state is successfully formed microcavity. (© 2012 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)

We observed the antibound state, as well bound for cavity polariton pairs in a planar CuCl microcavity by spectrally resolved four-wave mixing. obtained dispersion curves of and states changing incident angle pump pulses corresponding to detuning. The curve state suggests that is mainly composed bare biexciton weakly coupled photons. dephasing time was faster than thin sample, supporting hypothesis On other hand, consists two lower polaritons having same spin. clear observation can be...

Deposition behavior of MgO-added Al2O3 coating layers on Pt wires by the electrophoretic deposition and sintering those were examined. Electrical conductivity bath solution amount deposited increased adding MgO into bath. Mg (acac)2 (magnesium-acetylacetonate) formed through reaction with acetylacetone, which was thermally decomposed to calcination above 400°C. Crystalline phases in sintered at 1500°C changed from α-Al2O3+MgO α-Al2O3+spinel (MgAl2O4) or spinel+MgO, increasing content. It...