The purpose of the study was to better understand relationships among stress, work-related burnout, and remote working brought on by social distancing efforts stay at home orders put in place during COVID-19 pandemic. authors developed a questionnaire incorporating valid reliable self-report stress burnout measures (Perceived Stress Scale & Copenhagen Burnout Inventory), demographic, questions. questions were used primarily determine workers’ levels before pandemic, assess potential...

The purpose of the study was to understand impact involuntary remote working during early phases COVID-19 pandemic on perceived stress and work-related burnout for workers with without previous experience work. authors developed a questionnaire, open from March 23rd May 19th, 2020, incorporating Perceived Stress Scale, Copenhagen Burnout Inventory, demographic, questions. This sample consisted 256 professionals who self-identified as at home pandemic. Pandemic restrictions increased all...

Sarcasm is a common form of irony in which users usually express their negative attitudes using contrary words. Predicting sarcasm an essential part investigating human social interaction. Improvements classifying have the potential to improve other dimensions sentiment (e.g., brand preference, political views). In face-to-face communication, changing voice, eye contact, physical position, etc. provides audience with cues detect sarcasm. However, detecting exclusively text particularly...

Network threat detection has been challenging due to the complexities of attack activities and limitation historical data learn from. To help enhance existing practices using analytics, machine learning, artificial intelligence methods detect network threats, we propose an integrated modelling framework, where Knowledge Graph is used analyze users' activity patterns, Imbalanced Learning techniques are prune weigh Graph, LLM retrieve interpret from Graph. The proposed framework applied Agile...

Training classification models on imbalanced data tends to result in bias towards the majority class. In this paper, we demonstrate how variable discretization and cost-sensitive logistic regression help mitigate an credit scoring dataset, further show application of technique from other domains, demonstrating its potential as a generic for classifying beyond socring. The performance measurements include ROC curves, Area under Curve (AUC), Type I Error, II accuracy, F1 score. results that...

Logistic regression is estimated by maximizing the log-likelihood objective function formulated under assumption of overall accuracy. That does not apply to imbalanced data. The resulting models tend be biased towards majority class (i.e. non-event), which can bring great loss in practice. One strategy for mitigating such bias penalize misclassification costs observations differently function. Existing solutions require either hard hyperparameter estimating or high computational complexity....

National initiatives to expand the aggregate science, technology, engineering, and math (STEM) workforce reflect America’s goals increase global competitiveness. However, aggregation of STEM stakeholders may elicit a diffusion responsibility because individuals assume others are already acting. Here, we perform longitudinal case study U.S. public school chemistry teachers illustrate within community regarding who is responsible for teacher workforce. Utilizing 1987–2007 Schools Staffing...

Retrospective cohort study.This project aims to evaluate the relationship between increased use of intraoperative nonopioid analgesics, muscle relaxers, and anesthetics postoperative outcomes, including opioid utilization, time until ambulation, hospital length stay.Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) is a structural deformity spine that occurs in otherwise healthy adolescents, occurring with frequency 1% 3%. Up 60% patients receiving spinal surgeries, particularly posterior fusion (PSF),...

The U.S. government has acknowledged the critical role that teachers play in production of Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) professionals who will drive our nation's economy. No Child Left Behind Act 2001 (NCLB) was passed to improve quality education nationwide, part, by decreasing number out-of-field (OOF) teachers. However, impact NCLB related efforts on current state OOF teaching high school science mathematics yet be examined. Our analysis data from National...

Efforts to improve the number and quality of high school physics teaching workforce have taken several forms, including those sponsored by professional organizations. Using a series large-scale teacher demographic data sets from National Center for Education Statistics (NCES), this study sought investigate trends in at national level two half decades between 1987 2012. Specifically, we investigated (i) details about degree backgrounds, main assignments, experience levels assigned teach...

A diverse and highly qualified chemistry teaching workforce is critical for preparing equally diverse, STEM professionals. Here, we analyze National Center Education Statistics (NCES) Schools Staffing Survey (SASS) data to provide a demographic comparison of the U.S. secondary population in high-needs non-high-needs public schools as well private during 2011-2012 academic year. Our analysis reveals that predominantly white significantly lacks in-field degrees or certification across school...

In this report, we trace the historical demographic features of biology teachers, largest disciplinary education workforce in science between 1987 and 2007, using data from National Center for Education Statistic's Schools Staffing Surveys. While growing size by more than 50% during period, population became increasingly inexperienced less male dominated. Biology teachers also were drawn primarily in-field degree graduates remained racially homogeneous. We synthesize our with previous...

Teachers play a critical role in the preparation of future science, technology, engineering, and mathematics majors professionals. What teachers know about their discipline (i.e., content knowledge) has been identified as an important aspect instructional effectiveness; however, studies have not yet assessed knowledge aspiring chemistry United States. The Praxis Chemistry Subject Assessment is most nationally representative measure teacher knowledge, used 39 U.S. states past decade. In...

Phase II clinical trials are usually designed to measure efficacy, but safety is also an important end point. Previous authors recommended a method monitor toxic events after each patient enrolled, which known as continuously monitoring the toxicity. In this work, we investigate combining usual Simon two‐stage design response with continuous toxicity methodology. Theoretical justification given for nominal size, probability of early termination, and average sample size under null hypothesis...

Abstract Background In Ghana, midwives are the primary maternity care practitioners. Their knowledge of postpartum is critical for preventing and reducing maternal deaths because it affects quality provided to women. addition, midwives’ postbirth warning signs important early identification management complications. This study assessed develop interventions improve patient care. Methods A cross‐sectional survey 246 was conducted in four main hospitals Tamale, Ghana. Data were collected using...

A generally agreed upon tenant of the physics teaching community is centrality subject-specific expertise in effective teaching. However, studies which assess content knowledge incoming K–12 teachers U.S. have not yet been reported. Similarly lacking are on if or how demographic makeup aspiring educators different from previously reported analyses actual high school workforce. Here we present findings about demographics and subject prospective using data Praxis assessments administered...

The single-arm, two-stage clinical trial is a popular design utilized to evaluate oncology treatments. designs are typically augmented with an ad hoc toxicity monitoring rule that imposed outside of the formal design. In this work, we present flexible bivariate single-arm incorporates both response and toxicity. considered because it can monitor on different schedule from response. An example in which measured at four equally spaced times, correspond data committee's meeting while evaluating...

Acquiring sufficient content knowledge to lead effectively in the classroom is one of greatest challenges for beginning teachers. National and state agencies have made significant investments content-specific induction supports, but these efforts not been informed by any empirical evidence regarding topic-level novice Here we analyze category-level data from Praxis Chemistry Subject Assessment May 2006 June 2016 determine areas general strength weakness among examinees explore differences...

Abstract Certain categorical sequence clustering applications require path connectivity, such as the of DNA, click-paths through web-user sessions, or paths care with sequences patient medical billing codes. $$K$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mi>K</mml:mi></mml:math> -means and $$k$$ xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mi>k</mml:mi></mml:math> -medoids non-Euclidean distance metrics Jaccard edit distances maintains connectivity. Although have...

PURPOSE This study evaluated the relative improvements in mortality data capture of adding different external to enriched electronic medical records (EMRs) for patients with melanoma. METHODS An EMR database, containing structured and unstructured data, was used evaluate incremental following sources: Social Security Administration (SSA), public obituary, an administrative open-claims database claims set. Overall survival (OS) assessed each set composite using Kaplan-Meier method. RESULTS A...