This study confirms that the median artery may persist in adult life 2 different patterns, palmar and antebrachial, based on their vascular territory. The type, which represents embryonic pattern, is large, long reaches palm. antebrachial a partial regression of slender, short, terminates before reaching wrist. These arterial patterns appear with incidence. pattern was studied whole sample (120 cadavers) had an incidence 20%, being more frequent females than males (1.3 1), occurring...

Based on a study of 70 human cadavers (31 male, 39 female) and cases described previously, we propose new classification the Martin-Gruber anastomosis, neural connection between median ulnar nerves in forearm. The anastomosis was found 16 (22.9%) cadavers, being bilateral three (18.7%) unilateral 13 (81.3%), five right eight left. It occurred (25.8%) 31 male (20.5%) females. Therefore, 19 (13.6%) 140 forearms. In Pattern I (89.5%) made by only one branch, whereas II (10.5%) it two....

Abstract Supernumerary humeral heads of the biceps brachii muscle were found in 27 (15.4%) 175 cadavers. They bilateral five cadavers and unilateral 22 (8 left, 14 right), giving a total 32 examples 350 arms (9.1%). Depending on their origin location, supernumerary classified as superior, infero‐medial, infero‐lateral heads. Previous studies reviewed using this classification. The infero‐medial head was observed 31 (9%) therefore most common variation. superior (1.5%). least variation, only...

Abstract Background There are known to be variations in the origins of superior thyroid artery (STA), an important surgical landmark, and 1 its branches, laryngeal (SLA). Methods Three hundred thirty human embalmed heminecks were dissected. The results previous studies reviewed, a meta‐analysis is presented. Results Four different for STA found. most frequent was type I, from carotid bifurcation (49%). also found SLA being I which arose (78%). mean external diameters 0.26 0.20 cm,...

Abstract Background The aim of this work was to evaluate, prove their reliability, the different surgical landmarks previously proposed as a mean locate recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN). Methods necks 143 (68 male and 76 female) human adult embalmed cadavers were examined. RLN origin length its relationship recorded results compared with those reported. Statistical comparisons performed using chi‐square test (significance, p ≤ .05). Results Mostly, is located anterior tracheoesophageal sulcus...

The larynx serves respiratory, protective, and phonatory functions. motor sensory innervation to the controlling these functions is provided by superior laryngeal nerve (SLN) recurrent (RLN). Classical studies state that SLN innervates cricothyroid muscle provides supraglottic cavity, whereas RLN supplies remaining intrinsic muscles infraglottic but recent data suggest a more complex anatomical functional organisation. current neuroanatomical tracing study was undertaken provide...

We present an anatomical study and description of a new surgical technique for arthroscopic treatment scapholunate ligament injuries. Five cadaver specimens were used to perform the technique. After surgery, anatomic dissection was performed measure distances critical wrist structures such as posterior interosseous nerve radial artery, size position plasty. This offers three advantages: soft tissue damage is reduced (avoiding extensive approach injury secondary stabilizers reducing scar...

Abstract Objectives/Hypothesis: Current knowledge of the functional role human laryngeal nerves is based on traditional neuroanatomic descriptions or contradictory electromyographic studies. The aim this study was to clarify neural connections between by correlating different patterns observed after stimulation and existence connections. Study Design: Descriptive. Methods: Electromyographic morphologic in 13 patients during total laryngectomy procedure. Results: Seven showed an additional...

Background Nowadays, the wrist is not limited to a dorsal visualization; joint can be thought of as "box," which visualized from almost every perspective. The purpose this study was describe new volar central portal for wrist, following three principles: single incision that allows access both radiocarpal and midcarpal joints, centered on lunate, with structures at risk protected only by retractors, but also tendons. Description Technique begins in distal crease extended 1.5 cm proximally up...

The state of alarm due to Covid-19 pandemic in Spain stopped all educational and most university research activities. Spanish Anatomical Society (SAE) Consensus Expert Group on Body Donations piloted a study based questionnaire know the status body donations dissection activities during lockdown, as well future implications for donation programs anatomy teaching. results show that Universities refused expected influence teaching was referred increase workforce resources required apply new...

This study confirms that the median artery may persist in adult life 2 different patterns, palmar and antebrachial, based on their vascular territory. The type, which represents embryonic pattern, is large, long reaches palm. antebrachial a partial regression of slender, short, terminates before reaching wrist. These arterial patterns appear with incidence. pattern was studied whole sample (120 cadavers) had an incidence 20%, being more frequent females than males (1.3[ratio ]1), occurring...

Abstract Objectives: Study and detailed description of the large connections between normally recurrent inferior laryngeal nerve (RILN) sympathetic trunk (ST) because these may be mistaken for a nonrecurrent (NRILN). Design: Morphologic study adult human necks. Methods: The necks 144 human, adult, embalmed cadavers were examined (68 males, 76 females). They had been partially dissected by Cambridge preclinical medical students then further authors using magnification. RILN, ST, their...

Abstract Motoneurons innervating laryngeal muscles are located in the nucleus ambiguus (Amb), but there is no general agreement on somatotopic representation and even less known how an injury recurrent nerve ( RLN ) affects this pattern. This study analyzes normal somatotopy of those motoneurons describes its changes over time after a crush to . In control group (control 1, n = 9 rats), posterior cricoarytenoid PCA thyroarytenoid TA were injected with cholera toxin‐B. experimental groups...

The aim of this study is to provide a safe ultrasound-guided minimally invasive surgical approach for proximal tarsal tunnel release concerning nerve entrapments.The was carried out on ten fresh-frozen feet. All them were examined by high resolution ultrasound at the medial ankle region. marked throughout course flexor retinaculum (laciniate ligament). Once previous steps done, technique with 2-mm entry only. As result, an effective and obtained in all feet.The results our anatomic indicate...

Abstract Compression of the femoral nerve in iliac fossa has been reported as a consequence several pathologies, but never result muscular compression. Aberrant slips iliacus, however, have occasionally to cover or split nerve. This study aimed assess such variations potential factors A large and homogeneous sample 121 embalmed cadavers (242 specimens) was studied. Statistical comparisons were made using chi‐squared test. Muscular from iliacus psoas, piercing covering nerve, found 19...

Neurons innervating the intrinsic muscles of larynx are located within nucleus ambiguus but precise distribution neurons for each muscle is still a matter debate. The purpose this study was to finely determine position and number laryngeal cricothyroid, posterior cricoarytenoid, thyroarytenoid in rat. carried out total 28 Sprague Dawley rats. B subunit cholera toxin employed as retrograde tracer locations, ambiguus, these following intramuscular injection. labelled were found ipsilaterally...