Substantial mitigation of air pollutants emissions has been performed since 2013 around Beijing, and changes in the atmospheric characteristics have expected over downstream area Beijing. In this study, both WRF-Chem simulation on-site measurements were utilized for Baengnyeong (island) supersite, one representative regional background sites located Yellow Sea, entrance long-range transport process Korea. The chemical compositions inorganic aerosols examined spring-time during Chinese...

Weekly rain samples were collected in coastal areas of the Shihwa Basin (Korea) from June 2000 to November 2007. The study region includes industrial, rural, and agricultural areas. Wet precipitation was analyzed for conductivity, pH, Cl−, NO3−, SO42−, Na+, K+, Mg2+, NH4+, Ca2+. major components volume-weighted mean (VWM) 44.6 µeq∙L−1, representing 43% all cations, with highest concentration among anions (55%) at stations. pH ranged 3.4 7.7 a VMM 4.84. H+ weakly but positively correlated...

Nation-wide systematic and comprehensive measurements of air quality criteria species have been made over 340 sites currently in Korea since 1990. Using these data, temporal spatial trends SO₂, PM10, NO₂, O3, CO Ox(NO₂+O₃) were analyzed to characterize evaluate implementing efficiency policy regulations. Due strict effective use cleaner fuels late 1980s 1990s, the primary pollutants, such as CO, PM10 decreased sharply by early 2000s all parts Korea. After this period, their concentrations...

Formaldehyde (HCHO), a major carbonyl compound in urban air, poses health risks due to its carcinogenic properties. However, the role of FT-PBL exchange HCHO and importance vertical on diurnal variations remain unclear. This study investigated variability Seoul's planetary boundary layer (PBL) during cold. We examined impacts (1) between free troposphere (FT) PBL, (2) primary emissions secondary production, (3) heterogeneous nitrous acid (4) dry deposition. Variations relationship VOC...

This study investigated the real-time formaldehyde (HCHO) concentrations in an urban area of Ansan, South Korea, during summer 2024, using Proton Transfer Reaction Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry (PTR-ToF-MS) and Mid-Infrared Spectrometer (MIRA). Average HCHO were 4.8±1.7 ppb for PTR-ToF-MS 3.5±0.7 MIRA with PTR-ToF-MS, exhibiting higher sensitivity to variations. Findings both instruments showed similar temporal trends (R2=0.82) peaking daytime (PTR: 6.4 ppb, MIRA: 4.3 ppb) declining at...

The objective of this study was to determine comprehensive chemical components in PM2.5 from March 2011 till February 2012 Seoul, South Korea, and their contributions light extinction. Major the aerosol were: ammonium sulfate, 30.3%; nitrate, 25.2%; organic matter, 21.3%; crustal mass, 16.9%; element carbon, 6.1%; trace metals, 0.2%. mass concentrations extinction were mostly correlated diurnal monthly variations, which indicates that is key variable Seoul. However, size composition (of...

Abstract. Understanding the global distribution of atmospheric black carbon (BC) is essential for unveiling its climatic effect. However, there are still large uncertainties regarding simulation BC transport due to inadequate information about removal process. We accessed wet rate in East Asia based on long-term measurements over 2010–2016 period at three representative background sites (Baengnyeong and Gosan South Korea Noto Japan). The average rate, represented by efficiency (TE), i.e.,...

Abstract. The black carbon (BC) and monoxide (CO) emission ratios were estimated compiled from long-term, harmonized observations of the ΔBC∕ΔCO under conditions unaffected by wet deposition at four sites in East Asia, including two South Korea (Baengnyeong Gosan) Japan (Noto Fukuoka). Extended spatio-temporal coverage enabled estimation full seasonality elucidation ratio North for first time. used to validate Regional Emission inventory ASia (REAS) version 2.1 based on six study domains...

This study aimed to show the chemical characteristics of <TEX>$PM_{10}$</TEX> and <TEX>$PM_{2.5}$</TEX> during Asian dust (AD) events high PM episodes observed in Seoul. Time-resolved composition or was monitored 1 hour interval using ambient ion monitor, semi-continuous carbon on-line XRF spectrometer at Seoul intensive monitoring site 2009. Considering that AD were classified into three different cases according source area pathway, concentrations ammonium-sulfate trace metal components...

This study was conducted for understanding of characteristics two different high PM episodes occurred during the spring 2014 in Seoul, Korea. Case 1 phenomenon by complex long range transport and following domestic stagnation. 2 caused Asian dust event. During episodes, atmospheric condition became more acidic. The equivalent concentration ratio nitrate to sulfate decreased 0.75 0.95 2, respectively, implying that increase greater than episode possibly transport. In SOR NOR increased with...

We estimated fine-mode black carbon (BC) concentrations at the surface using AERONET data from five sites in Korea, representing urban, rural, and background. first obtained columnar BC by separating refractive index (RI) for aerosols minimizing difference between separated RIs calculated a mixing rule that can represent real aerosol mixture (Maxwell Garnett water-insoluble components volume average water-soluble components). Next, we acquired establishing multiple linear regression (MLR)...

Abstract Variations in concentrations of PM 2.5 , particulate matters diameters below μm, vary following both meteorological conditions and emissions controls. Meteorological particularly affect short‐term high episodes through accumulations, transports, secondary formations. This study quantifies the impacts on Seoul Metropolitan Area (SMA), Korea, for period 2016–2018 using empirical statistical methods. Synoptic weather maps 77 2016 are grouped into two synoptic types: onshore winds...

This study is aimed to estimate the <TEX>$PM_{2.5}$</TEX> source apportionment at Seoul intensive monitoring site located in metropolitan area. Time-resolved chemical compositions of are measured real time using ambient ion monitor, semi-continuous carbon and on-line XRF 2010. The mass concentration was simultaneously monitored with eight ionic species (<TEX>${SO_4}^{2-}$</TEX>, <TEX>$NO_3{^-}$</TEX>, <TEX>$Cl^-$</TEX>, <TEX>$NH_4{^+}$</TEX>, <TEX>$Na^+$</TEX>, <TEX>$K^+$</TEX>,...

To understand the chemical mechanisms of controlling factors in ozone (O3) formation early summer Seoul, a comprehensive study encompassing measurement and modeling was conducted under Megacity Air Pollution Study-Seoul (MAPS-Seoul) campaign. From May 18 to June 12, 2015, O3 peroxyacetyl nitrate (PAN) were measured, along with their precursors, including NOx volatile organic compounds (VOCs), at Korea Institute Science Technology, located northeast Seoul. VOCs sampled canister twice day (at...

In this study, we simultaneously measured the PM10 and PM2.5 mass concentrations their heavy metal content for three days at a subway station in Seoul to investigate airborne PM flows. The average were 59 µg m–3, 37 111 369 m–3 43 28 58 132 outdoor air inlet, concourse, on platform, tunnel, respectively. We also found strong correlations between temporal variations adjacent sampling locations both fractions, although they higher PM2.5. Additionally, of trace metals detected inside (the...

There are four industrial complexes located around Ansan City, which is one of the areas with highest VOCs emissions in Gyeonggi region based on provided by clean policy support system (CAPSS), Korea. In this study, proton transfer reaction time-of-flight mass spectrometer (PTR-TOF-MS) was used to determine distribution volatile organic compounds (VOCs) urban near City 2023 (May June). The PTR-TOF-MS operated over range 10-400amu at a drift tube pressure 2.3mbar and temperature...

In this study, it was analyzed that the characteristics of ammonia and their effects on secondary particulate matter (PM) formation by region in Korea during 2020. The NH3 concentration high GJ (11.4 ppb) neighboring agricultural area followed DJ (9.0 SE (8.6 locating urban area. On other hand, BI (2.6 JI (4.5 ppb), which are background regions, were lower than Seasonally, spring summer, generally increased when human activities active. Therefore, is believed atmosphere changes depending not...

In this study, the characteristics of ammonia and their effects on secondary particulate matter (PM) formation were analyzed by region in Korea 2020. The NH3 concentration was high GJ (11.4 ppb), a neighboring agricultural area, followed DJ (9.0 ppb) SE (8.6 which are located urban areas. On other hand, BI (2.6 JI (4.5 background regions, demonstrated lower than Seasonally, spring summer, it generally increased when human activities active. Therefore, is believed that atmosphere not only...

We performed continuous long-term measurements of PM2.5 mass, comprehensive chemical composition, and optical properties, including scattering absorption coefficients, from March 2011 to December 2020 at the Metropolitan Air Quality Research Center in Seoul, South Korea. peaked 38 μg/m3 2013 has been declining steadily since then, reaching 22 2020. The extinction coefficients also decreased with decline PM2.5, but correlation between two factors was not as pronounced. This deviation mainly...