A5030213774- Child Nutrition and Water Access
- Food Security and Health in Diverse Populations
- Child Nutrition and Feeding Issues
- Poverty, Education, and Child Welfare
- Global Maternal and Child Health
- Nutrition and Health in Aging
- Iron Metabolism and Disorders
- Health and Conflict Studies
- Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research
- Obesity, Physical Activity, Diet
- Migration, Health and Trauma
- Receptor Mechanisms and Signaling
- Vaccine Coverage and Hesitancy
- Birth, Development, and Health
- Alcoholism and Thiamine Deficiency
- Ion channel regulation and function
- Climate Change and Health Impacts
- Thyroid Disorders and Treatments
- HIV/AIDS Impact and Responses
- Nutritional Studies and Diet
- Blood donation and transfusion practices
- Disaster Response and Management
- Trace Elements in Health
- Market Dynamics and Volatility
- Neonatal Health and Biochemistry
University College London
2014-2023
Great Ormond Street Hospital
2021
University of New Hampshire at Manchester
2020
University of New Hampshire
2018-2019
George Institute for Global Health
2014-2018
Yale University
2016
London International Development Centre
2001-2013
Institute of Child Health
2005-2013
World Food Programme
2007
Ministry of Health
2007
Tackling severe acute malnutrition (SAM) is a global health priority. Heightened risk of non-communicable diseases (NCD) in children exposed to SAM at around 2 years age plausible view previously described consequences other early nutritional insults. By applying developmental origins and disease (DOHaD) theory this group, we aimed explore the long-term effects SAM.
Background Management of Severe Acute Malnutrition (SAM) plays a vital role in achieving global child survival targets. Effective treatment programmes are available but little is known about longer term outcomes following programme discharge. Methods From July 2006 to March 2007, 1024 children (median age 21.5 months, IQR 15–32) contributed 1187 admission episodes an inpatient-based SAM centre Blantyre, Malawi. Long outcomes, were determined longitudinal cohort study, year or more after...
Background. Plasmodium falciparum infection exerts a considerable burden on pregnant women, but less is known about the adverse consequences of vivax infection. Methods. In Papua, Indonesia, where multiple drug resistance to both species has emerged, we conducted cross-sectional hospital-based study quantify risks and maternal malaria. Results. From April 2004 through December 2006, 3046 women were enrolled in study. The prevalence parasitemia at delivery was 16.8% (432 2570 had infections),...
<h3>Objectives</h3> To determine wasting prevalence among infants aged under 6 months and describe the effects of new case definitions based on WHO growth standards. <h3>Design</h3> Secondary data analysis demographic health survey datasets. <h3>Setting</h3> 21 developing countries. <h3>Population</h3> 15 534 147 694 children to 60 (median 5072 individuals/country, range 1710–45 398). Wasting was defined as weight-for-height z-score <−2, moderate −3 <−2 z-scores, severe <−3....
Vaccination is a key public health intervention that can reduce excess mortality in humanitarian contexts. Vaccine hesitancy thought to be significant problem requiring demand side interventions. Participatory Learning and Action (PLA) approaches have proven effective reducing perinatal low income settings we aimed apply an adapted approach Somalia.A randomised cluster trial was implemented camps for internally displaced people near Mogadishu, from June October 2021. An PLA (hPLA) used...
PC3, a mammalian homologue of the yeast subtilisin-like proteinase Kex2, was expressed in Xenopus oocytes and its activity characterized. PC3 cleaved human proinsulin at one two dibasic sites (KTRR32 but not LQKR65). The specificity, inhibitor profile, pH optimum (5.5) Ca(2+)-dependence (K0.5 = 2.5-3 mM) paralleled those insulin-granule type 1 endopeptidase activity, suggesting role for conversion prohormones.
<b>Objective</b> To assess the implications of adopting World Health Organization 2006 growth standards in combination with current diagnostic criteria emergency and non-emergency child feeding programmes. <b>Design</b> Secondary analysis data from three standardised nutrition surveys (n=2555) for prevalence acute malnutrition, using weight height z score (<−2 <−3) percentage median (<80% <70%) cut-offs moderate severe malnutrition National Center Statistics/WHO reference (NCHS...
Background Households from vulnerable groups experiencing epidemiological transitions are known to be affected concomitantly by under-nutrition and obesity. Yet, it is unknown what extent this double burden affects refugee populations dependent on food assistance. We assessed the of malnutrition among Western Sahara refugees living in a protracted emergency. Methods Findings implemented stratified nutrition survey October–November 2010 four camps Algeria. sampled 2,005 households, collecting...
The actions of the uncompetitive N‐methyl‐ d ‐aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonists, memantine (1‐amino‐3,5‐dimethyladamantane) and (+)‐MK‐801 ((+)‐5‐methyl‐10,11‐dihydro‐5H‐dibenzo[a,d]cyclohepten‐5,10‐imine maleate, dizocilpine), on recombinant NMDA receptors has been studied by use whole‐cell patch clamp technique. Human embryonic kidney (HEK) 293 cells were transiently transfected with different subunit combinations (NR1a/NR2A, NR1a/NR2B NR1a/NR2D). A mutant form green fluorescent...
Tackling childhood malnutrition is a global health priority. A key indicator the estimated prevalence of malnutrition, measured by nutrition surveys. Most aspects survey design are standardised, but data 'cleaning criteria' not. These aim to exclude extreme values which may represent measurement or data-entry errors. The effect different cleaning criteria on estimates was unknown. We applied five commonly used (WHO 2006; EPI-Info; WHO 1995 fixed; flexible; SMART) 21 national Demographic and...
The age at menarche and its association with nutritional status in a rural area of Bangladesh was determined. A cross-sectional study conducted four villages Rupganj Thana Narayanganj district. Data collected through October to December 1996 using pre-tested structured questionnaire interview schedule, measured by weight, height, body mass index (BMI) physical examination. were obtained on 436 adolescent girls aged 10-17 years. Among them, 165 (37.8%) had commenced menarche. mean as...
Background: Nutritional anthropometry surveys from Somalia and Ethiopia have reported that standard weight-for-height z-score (WHZ) mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC) case definitions return different estimates of the prevalence acute malnutrition in pastoralist livelihood zones but similar agrarian zones. A study undertaken to investigate this finding children tended longer limbs lower SSRs than zones.Aim: The present investigated relationship between body shape MUAC populations Ethiopian...
Points• Worldwide, 8.5 million infants aged less than 6 months (<6m) are acutely malnourished.For the first time, 2013 WHO Malnutrition Guidelines describe their treatment, but on basis of "very low quality" evidence, per WHO.More and better research is urgently needed.• To prioritise many possible questions infant <6m malnutrition, we used systematic, transparent, well-established Child Health Nutrition Research Initiative (CHNRI) approach.Sixty-four experts scored 60 answerability,...
Abstract Evidence on the management of acute malnutrition in infants aged less than 6 months (infants <6mo) is scarce. To understand outcomes using current protocols, we analysed a sample 24 045 children 0–60 from 21 datasets inpatient therapeutic care programmes 10 countries. We compared proportion admissions, anthropometric profile at admission and discharge between <6mo 6–60 (older children). Infants accounted for 12% admissions. The quality data was more problematic older with...
Background Somalia has been affected by conflict since 1991, with children aged <5 years presenting a high acute malnutrition prevalence. Cash-based interventions (CBIs) have used in this context 2011, despite sparse evidence of their nutritional impact. We aimed to understand whether CBI would reduce and its risk factors. Methods findings implemented non-randomised cluster trial internally displaced person (IDP) camps, located peri-urban Mogadishu, Somalia. Within 10 IDP camps (henceforth...
PC2 is a member of the eukaryotic family subtilisin-like proteases, which thought to participate in processing prohormones and proneuropeptides neuroendocrine cells. synthesized as 69-kDa prepropolypeptide. The NH2-terminal signal sequence removed during segregation within endoplasmic reticulum, where glycosylation occurs generate 75-kDa propolypeptide. A combination site-directed mutagenesis cell-free translation/translocation system from Xenopus eggs was used investigate pro-PC2 precursor....