Leptin is an adipose-derived hormone that regulates a wide variety of physiological processes, including feeding behavior, metabolic rate, sympathetic nerve activity, reproduction, and immune response. Circulating leptin levels are tightly regulated according to energy homeostasis in vivo. Although mechanisms for the regulation production adipocytes not well understood, G protein-coupled receptors may play important role this adipocyte function. Here we report C2-C6 short-chain fatty acids,...

The coupling of a quantum dot with BCS-type superconducting reservoir results in an intriguing system where low energy physics is governed by the interplay two distinct phases, singlet and doublet. In this Letter we show that spectrum Andreev levels, which capture properties can be detected transport measurements strongly coupled to lead weakly normal metal lead. We observe phase transitions between BCS degenerate magnetic doublet states when chemical potential tuned electrostatic gate, good...

GPR7 and GPR8 are orphan G protein-coupled receptors that highly similar to each other. These expressed predominantly in brain, suggesting roles central nervous system function. We have purified an endogenous peptide ligand for from bovine hypothalamus extracts. This peptide, termed neuropeptide B (NPB), has a C-6-brominated tryptophan residue at the N terminus. It binds activates human or with median effective concentrations (EC 50 ) of 0.23 nM 15.8 nM, respectively. In situ hybridization...

We study transport in self-assembled InAs quantum dots contacted with one superconducting and normal-metal electrode. Low bias is dominated by Andreev processes which are sensitive to local correlations such as electron-electron interaction the Kondo effect. identify that, for appropriate tunnel coupling normal leads, enhanced effect that temperature reduced relative state due lack of low-energy excitations lead.

Abstract Devices to generate on-demand non-local spin entangled electron pairs have potential application as solid-state analogues of the photon sources used in quantum optics. Recently, Andreev entanglers that use two dots filters adiabatically split and separate quasi-particles Cooper shown efficient splitting through measurements transport charge but entanglement has not been directly confirmed. Here we report on parallel dot Josephson junction devices allowing a current flow due...

We study competition between the Kondo effect and superconductivity in a single self-assembled InAs quantum dot contacted with Al lateral electrodes. Because of enhancement Andreev reflections, zero-bias anomaly develops side peaks, separated by superconducting gap energy Delta. For ten valleys different temperature T(K) we tune Delta an external magnetic field. find that conductance each case collapses onto curve Delta/k(B)T(K) as only relevant scale, providing experimental evidence for...

The anisotropy of the spin-orbit interaction (SOI) is studied for a single uncapped InAs self-assembled quantum dot holding just few electrons. SOI energy evaluated from anticrossing or SOI-induced hybridization between ground and excited states with opposite spins. magnetic angular dependence falls on an absolute cosine function azimuthal rotation, cosinelike tilting rotation. Furthermore, quenched specific field vector. found to compare well calculation Rashba in two-dimensional harmonic potential.

We have investigated terahertz (THz) photon-assisted tunneling in single self-assembled InAs quantum dots (QDs). Two types of processes been observed the THz range: ground state resonance and photon-induced excited resonance, depending on relative magnitude between orbital quantization energy QDs photon energy. Furthermore, we could realize a very high coupling efficiency waves multiphoton absorption up to fourth-order during process, resulting almost complete lifting Coulomb blockade.

We have investigated the electron transport in single-${\mathrm{C}}_{60}$-molecule transistors under illumination of intense monochromatic terahertz (THz) radiation. By employing an antenna structure with a sub-nm-wide gap, we concentrate THz radiation beyond diffraction limit and focus it onto single molecule. Photon-assisted tunneling (PAT) molecule is observed both weak-coupling Kondo regimes. The power dependence PAT conductance indicates that when incident intensity few tens mW, field...

This study describes an analysis of the interaction individual amino acid residues vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) nucleocapsid antigenic octapeptide (N52-59; Arg-Gly-Tyr-Val-Tyr-Gln-Gly-Leu) with H-2Kb molecule and T-cell receptors (TCRs). Tyr-3, Tyr-5, Leu-8 were positions in peptide found to be contact by analyzing single alanine-substituted peptides a competition assay Kb-restricted nonapeptide Sendai virus. Arg-1, Gly-2, Val-4, Gln-6, Gly-7 identified as putative TCR testing analogs...

The authors demonstrate an electric-field control of tunneling magnetoresistance (TMR) effect in a semiconductor quantum-dot spin-valve device. By using ferromagnetic Ni nanogap electrodes, they observe the Coulomb blockade oscillations at small bias voltage. In vicinity peak, TMR is significantly modulated and even its sign switched by changing gate voltage, where value changes resonant condition.

The authors have fabricated a lateral double barrier magnetic tunnel junction (MTJ) which consists of single self-assembled InAs quantum dot (QD) with ferromagnetic Co leads. MTJ shows clear hysteretic magnetoresistance (TMR) effect, is evidence for spin transport through semiconductor QD. TMR ratio and the curve shapes are varied by changing gate voltage.

We experimentally study the tunneling magnetoresistance (TMR) effect as a function of bias voltage $({V}_{\mathrm{SD}})$ in lateral $\mathrm{Ni}∕\mathrm{In}\mathrm{As}∕\mathrm{Ni}$ quantum-dot (QD) spin valves showing Coulomb blockade characteristics. With varying ${V}_{\mathrm{SD}}$, TMR value oscillates and oscillation period corresponds to conductance changes observed current-voltage $(I\text{\ensuremath{-}}{V}_{\mathrm{SD}})$ also find an inverse near ${V}_{\mathrm{SD}}$ values where...

The electromagnetic response to microwaves in the mixed state of ${\mathrm{YBa}}_{2}{\mathrm{Cu}}_{3}{\mathrm{O}}_{y}$ (YBCO) was measured order investigate electronic inside and outside vortex core. magnetic-field dependence complex surface impedance at low temperatures good agreement with a general dynamics description assuming that field-independent viscous damping force linear restoring were acting on vortices. In other words, both real imaginary parts resistivity,...

The vortex phase diagram of optimally doped untwinned ${\mathrm{YBa}}_{2}{\mathrm{Cu}}_{3}{\mathrm{O}}_{y}$ is studied. We find a first-order transition ${T}_{\mathrm{L}}(H)$ in the liquid above terminal point ${H}_{\mathrm{mcp}}$ $(\ensuremath{\simeq}7\mathrm{T})$ both glass line ${T}_{\mathrm{g}}(H)$ and field-driven disordering ${H}^{*}(T).$ obtained small entropy change $(\ensuremath{\sim}0.02$ ${k}_{\mathrm{B}}/\mathrm{vortex}/\mathrm{layer})$ critical endpoint ${H}_{\mathrm{cep}}$...

Using a laterally fabricated quantum-dot (QD) spin-valve device, we experimentally study the Kondo effect in electron transport through semiconductor QD with an odd number of electrons (N). In parallel magnetic configuration ferromagnetic electrodes, resonance at N=3 splits clearly without external fields. With applying fields (B), splitting is gradually reduced, and then almost restored B=1.2T. This means that, regime, inverse effective field B∼1.2T can be applied to electrodes.

We measure the non-dissipative supercurrent in a single InAs self-assembled quantum dot (QD) coupled to superconducting leads. The QD occupation is both tuned by back-gate electrode and lateral side-gate. geometry of side-gate allows tuning QD-lead tunnel coupling region constant electron number with appropriate orbital state. Using effect we study competition between Kondo correlations pairing on QD, observing decrease when temperature reduced below energy gap qualitative agreement...

We experimentally study the transport features of electrons in a spin-diode structure consisting single semiconductor quantum dot (QD) weakly coupled to one nonmagnetic and ferromagnetic (FM) lead, which QD has an artificial atomic nature. A Coulomb stability diamond shows asymmetric with respect polarity bias voltage. For regime two-electron tunneling, we find anomalous suppression current for both forward reverse bias. discuss possible mechanisms terms spin blockade via QD-FM interface at...

We investigate the all-electrical tuning of Land\'e $g$ tensor in a single uncapped InAs quantum dot contacted with nanogap electrode technique and electrically gated both back- side-gate electrodes. Magnetotransport measurements allow extraction components from Zeeman energy for magnetic fields applied plane sample. The allows anisotropy in-plane is suitable manipulation quantum-dot spin states using factor modulation resonance schemes.

Colloidal quantum dots are sub-10 nm semiconductors treated with liquid processes, rendering them attractive candidates for single-electron transistors operating at high temperatures. However, there have been few reports on using colloidal due to the difficulty in fabrication. In this work, we fabricated single oleic acid-capped PbS dot coupled nanogap metal electrodes and measured tunneling. We observed size-dependent carrier transport, orbital-dependent electron charging energy...

Tn-antigen (α-N-acetyl-galactosamine(GalNAc)-Ser/Thr) is a cancer-associated carbohydrate antigen expressed in various epithelial and hematological cancers, although number of anti-Tn IgG IgM antibodies have been generated, they not fully validated for cancer immunotherapy. In this study, we generated novel murine IgG1 monoclonal antibody, KM3413, by immunization mucins purified from culture supernatant LS180: human colon cell line. The binding KM3413 was detected against consecutive...

Abstract Experimental shifting cultivation was conducted at two sites, Balai Ringin (B. Ringin) and Sabal in Sarawak, Malaysia. The soils the B. site were clayey with strongly acidic nature while those sandy a very low nutrient status. plots (10 x 10 m2) burned vegetation biomass (fuel) amounting to 0 (control), 100,200, 300 Mg ha-1 for of upland rice. At both fire severity found range from moderate high treatments 200 fuel, treatment 100 fuel. site, content total C (T-C) decreased during...