This article identifies four factors for consideration in norms-based research to enhance the predictive ability of theoretical models. First, it makes distinction between perceived and collective norms descriptive injunctive norms. Second, addresses role important moderators relationship behaviors, including outcome expectations, group identity, ego involvement. Third, discusses both interpersonal mass communication normative influences. Lastly, outlines behavioral attributes that determine...

We revisit some ideas from our previous article on social norms by conceptualizing as dynamic entities that both affect and are affected human action; elaborating the distinction between collective perceived norms; summarizing key findings studies have adopted theory of normative behavior (TNSB) thereby proposing guidelines for further expanding purview TNSB; discussing attribute-centered approach a framework focusing behavioral characteristics; highlighting areas inquiry into norms.

Self-construal is thought to mediate and explain the effects of culture on a wide variety outcome variables. A meta-analysis published cross-cultural self-construal research reported in this article, results across studies suggests that evidence for predicted cultural differences weak, inconsistent, or nonexistent. The 3 priming experiments (N = 121, N 99, 361) suggest (a) does not account inconsistent observed meta-analysis, (b) scores scale appear be measuring trait-like constructs are...

ABSTRACT In recent years researchers have focused attention on understanding the role of normative factors in influencing behaviors. Although there is some evidence to support idea that restructuring beliefs can result behavior change, norms literature largely silent about how or why this influence occurs. The theory social describes moderators descriptive norm-behavior relationship. Through a 2 (descriptive norms: high low)×2 (perceived benefits: (similarity: low) between-subjects...

Gender stereotypes in the mass media perpetuate traditional views of women that may influence children's perceptions science, engineering, and technology. This study used a randomized posttest-only control group design to determine efficacy literacy training on middle school–aged scientists. Participants were randomly assigned one three conditions: discussion, discussion plus viewing television film clips featured images women, or control. A total 304 seventh-grade students asked complete...

This study reports on an experimental test of the effects descriptive and injunctive norm appeals intentions to prevent food waste in China United States ( N = 1449), testing role cultural context group orientation this process. Results showed that main messages behavioural were mediated by normative perceptions, moderated both paths mediation. Specifically, with same message exposure, Chinese participants perceived prevention as more prevalent socially approved compared US participants....

Social norms have been shown to impact behaviors, but with mixed results. The theory of normative social behavior delineates factors that moderate the relationship between descriptive and it addresses attributes behaviors make them susceptible influence. This study tests whether group orientation moderates on water conservation attitudes behavioral intentions. Findings indicate a consistent pattern interactions for both intent. Implications campaign design are addressed.

This content analysis examined portrayals of scientist characters in 14 television programs popular among or likely to have been viewed by middle school—age children. While male scientists significantly outnumbered and appeared more scenes than did female scientists, males females were depicted similarly reference professional position, marital status, parental status. Gender-stereotyped behavior was largely absent characters. Additionally, both portrayed most often with the wishful...

Journal Article Testing the Effects of Social Norms and Behavioral Privacy on Hand Washing: a Field Experiment Get access Maria Knight Lapinski, Lapinski 1Department Communication, Michigan Ag-Bio Research, State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA 1Corresponding author: Lapinski; Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Erin K. Maloney, Maloney 2The Annenberg School University Pennsylvania, PA, Mary Braz, Braz 3Department Communication Studies, West...

Abstract This two-study experimental design utilizes a group-based priming framework to investigate the relationship between exposure television news portrayals that intersect race with violent crime and viewers' real-world racial judgments. Results from Study 1 reveal both gender of viewer TV suspect influence subsequent judgments, including attributions about perpetrator victim. Findings 2 offer somewhat consistent results, additionally indicating depicted has significant effect on...

Child care centers are a unique context for studying communication about the social and personal expectations health behaviors. The theory of normative behavior (TNSB; CitationRimal & Real, 2005) provides framework testing role psychological influences on handwashing behaviors among child workers. A cross-sectional survey workers in 21 indicates that outcome group identity increase strength relationship between descriptive norms behavior. Injunctive also moderate effect such when strong...

The theory of normative social behavior (TNSB) describes the moderators descriptive norm-behavior relationship. Although specified in revisions to model, role involvement as a moderator has not been fully explored. As such, this article predicts that different forms (i.e., value-, impression-, and outcome-relevant involvement) function ways relationship determines whether varies by health environmental behaviors. This presents data on three behaviors examined prior norms studies: drinking...

This paper advances an argument in favor of conducting and reporting confirmatory factor analyses (CFA) on existing previously validated scales the findings those published research. Previous evidence scale validity does not necessarily ensure subsequent uses. Instead, invariance is best viewed as empirical question. The case made that CFA facilitates rather than hinders cross-studies comparisons, replication good scientific practice. Reporting outcomes provides useful information facilities...

Purpose The purpose of this research paper is to segment US consumers based on their attitudes towards food safety and demographically characterize each so that effective risk communication strategies outreach programs may be developed target vulnerable groups. Design/methodology/approach Factor analysis hierarchical cluster were applied data consumer a probability sample adults, collected by telephone questionnaires ( n =1,014). Findings diversity was five factors; concern, trust, desire...

Adolescents’ wishful identification with televised scientist characters was examined as related to interactions among the following variables: gender of participant, character, program genre, and selected character attributes. Findings indicated some differences in adolescents’ they viewed on television. Boys showed more male than female for all attributes, girls portrayed dominant or working alone. Both boys drama programs those cartoon educational across attributes depending genre viewed....

Like traditional media, information on the World Wide Web may encourage both healthy and unhealthy behaviors. This study reports content analysis of a particular genre site that promotes behaviors: pro-eating disorder sites. Framed in message design theory, results this indicate messages sites promote response efficacy continuing disordered behaviors, but promoting severity susceptibility to weight gain self-efficacy were not common. Given importance combining for maximal effectiveness...