Plants release large amounts of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in response to attackers. Several VOCs can serve as signals elicit defense responses undamaged tissues and neighboring plants, but many questions about the ecological functions remain unanswered. Tea plants are impacted by two harmful invaders, piercing herbivore Empoasca (Matsumurasca) onukii Matsuda pathogen Colletotrichum fructicola. To determine VOC tea, we confirmed CsOPR3 a marker gene set up rapid screening method based...

Host selection by female moths is fundamental to the survival of their larvae. Detecting and perceiving non-volatile chemicals plant surface involved in gustatory detection determine host preference. In many lepidopteran species, tarsal chemosensilla are sensitive responsible for taste detection. The tea geometrid Ectropis obliqua one devastating chewing pest selectively feeding on limited plants, requiring specialized sensors forage certain oviposition. present study, we revealed...

How to obtain the desirable representation of a 3D shape, which is discriminative across categories and polymerized within classes, significant challenge in shape retrieval. Most existing retrieval methods focus on capturing strong with softmax loss for classification task, while feature learning metric neglected In this paper, we address problem based intuition that cosine distance embeddings should be close enough same class far away categories. Since most tasks use features measuring...

The interaction between jasmonic acid (JA) and salicylic (SA) pathways, which affects plant stress resistance, is mainly considered to be antagonistic. Using an established theoretical model, we investigated how tea (Camellia sinensis) volatiles induced by exogenous elicitors of the JA SA pathways are affected sequence elicitor application, identity, applied concentrations. We also examined effects mediated JA-SA synergistic on behaviors a leaf-chewing herbivore (Ectropis grisescens) its...

The tea black tussock moth (Dasychira baibarana), a devastating pest in Chinese plantations, uses ternary Type-II pheromone blend containing (3Z,6Z)-cis-9,10-epoxyhenicosa-3,6-diene (Z3,Z6,epo9-21:H), (3Z,6Z,11E)-cis-9,10-epoxyhenicosa-3,6,11-triene (Z3,Z6,epo9,E11-21:H), and (3Z,6Z)-henicosa-3,6-dien-11-one (Z3,Z6-21:11-one) for mate communication. To elucidate the P450 candidates associated with biosynthesis of these sex components, we sequenced female D. baibarana gland abdomen excluding...

The jasmonic acid (JA) and salicylic (SA) pathways are often thought to interact antagonistically in plants when mediating anti-herbivore resistance. However, we previously found that the two tea plant synergistically treated with 1.5 mmol/L methyl jasmonate (MeJA) 20 SA at 12 h intervals (MeJA+SA treatment). Here, investigated how why JA-SA synergism affected chemotaxis of Parapanteles hyposidrae (Wilkinson) wasps, parasite geometers. Wasp attractiveness MeJA+SA-treated was 1.3-fold higher...

Labor shortages in the Chinese tea industry have accelerated need for crop protection unmanned aerial vehicles (CP-UAVs), which can greatly improve working efficiency. However, CP-UAV operational parameters must be optimized effective pest control. In this study, spraying performance of two CP-UAVs (DJI T30 and T40) under different were compared gardens. Additionally, utility controlling leafhoppers was investigated. Droplet coverage size increased as spray volume both (from 30 L·ha−1 to 90...

Helopeltis cinchonae is an emerging pest of tea and causes severe damage to plantations in China. The female H. has been reported produce a sex pheromone consisting two components, hexyl (3R)-3-acetoxybutyrate (5R)-1-acetoxy-5-butyroxyhexane, lures containing the synthetic compounds have shown attract male traps field. This first time that components identified for species bug, but their field application not evaluated detail. present study shows blend both loaded into polyethylene vial at...

Abstract Attractants for pest monitoring and controlling can be developed based on plant volatiles. Previously, we showed that tea leafhopper ( Empoasca onukii ) preferred grapevine, peach plant, odours to clean air. In this research, formulated three blends with similar attractiveness leafhoppers as peach, volatiles; these were composed of (Z)-3-hexenyl acetate, E )-ocimene, )-4,8-dimethyl-1,3,7-nonatriene, benzaldehyde, ethyl benzoate. Based five compounds, two attractants, formula-P...

Abstract The tea plant ( Camellia sinensis ) suffers heavily from a harmful piercing pest, the green leafhopper (TLH) Empoasca Matsumurasca onukii Matsuda. In present study, we studied effect of an efficient elicitor disease resistance, β-1,3-glucan laminarin, on induced defense against TLH in plants. Defense responses elicited by laminarin include activation mitogen-activated protein kinases and WRKY, burst H 2 O , salicylic acid, abscisic accumulation direct-defense chemicals (including...

Abstract Periplaneta americana is a notorious urban pest prevalent in human habitats; very little known about its chemosensory mechanism. Employing the advanced next-generation sequencing technique, present study, we conducted transcriptome and analysis of antennae adult males females as well their mouthparts using an Illumina platform. This resulted discovery huge number members all major receptor families P. , including 96 odorant receptors (ORs), 53 ionotropic (IRs) 33 gustatory (GRs)....

Recently, contactless bimodal palmprint recognition technology has attracted increased attention due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Many dual-camera-based sensors have been proposed capture palm vein and images synchronously. However, translations between captured differ depending on distance hand sensors. To address this issue, we designed a low-cost method align regions for current dual-camera systems. In study, first implemented image acquisition device with module single-point time of flight...

Background The cotton aphid, Aphis gossypii Glover, is a destructive insect pest worldwide; it directly or indirectly damages (virus transmission) 300 species of host plants. Knowledge their ecologically adaptive mechanisms at the molecular level may provide an essential and urgent method to effectively control this pest. However, no transcriptome information available for aphid sequence data are scarce. Therefore, we obtained data. Results To facilitate such study, two transcriptomes...

Abstract Differences in sex pheromone component can lead to reproductive isolation. The sibling noctuid species, Helicoverpa armigera and assulta , share the same two components, Z9-16:Ald Z11-16:Ald, but opposite ratios, providing an typical example of such To investigate how ratios components are differently regulated we sequenced cDNA libraries from glands H. . After assembly annotation, identified 108 93 transcripts putatively involved biosynthesis, transport degradation H respectively....

In moths, high temporal sensitivity in perception of sex pheromones and host plant volatiles suggests the existence mechanisms acting to maintain antennal sensitivity. The enzymes have been long hypothesized play a central role mechanisms, by rapid metabolism odorants soon after fulfillment sensillum receptor activation. present study, two putative homologous esterases, SexiCXE13 SlituCXE13, were cloned RT–PCR RACE procedures from Spodoptera exigua litura, respectively. phylogenetic tree...

Tea grey geometrid (Ectropis grisescens), a devastating chewing pest in tea plantations throughout China, produces Type-II pheromone components. Little is known about the genes encoding proteins involved perception of sex To investigate olfaction E. grisescens pheromones and plant volatiles perception, we sequenced female male antennae transcriptomes grisescens. After assembly annotation, identified 153 candidate chemoreception grisescens, including 40 odorant-binding (OBPs), 30 chemosensory...

Abstract Background Helopeltis cinchonae (Hemiptera: Miridae) is a major pest of tea plantations in Asia. Conventional control pests with pesticides unsustainable. Therefore, safe and eco‐friendly alternatives, such as pheromones, are required to manage the pest. Results In gas chromatography–electroantennographic detection (GC–EAD) analysis whole‐body extracts virgin female H. , two compounds elicited electroantennogram (EAG) responses from male antennae. These were identified hexyl ( R...