Plants release large amounts of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in response to attackers. Several VOCs can serve as signals elicit defense responses undamaged tissues and neighboring plants, but many questions about the ecological functions remain unanswered. Tea plants are impacted by two harmful invaders, piercing herbivore Empoasca (Matsumurasca) onukii Matsuda pathogen Colletotrichum fructicola. To determine VOC tea, we confirmed CsOPR3 a marker gene set up rapid screening method based...

Host selection by female moths is fundamental to the survival of their larvae. Detecting and perceiving non-volatile chemicals plant surface involved in gustatory detection determine host preference. In many lepidopteran species, tarsal chemosensilla are sensitive responsible for taste detection. The tea geometrid Ectropis obliqua one devastating chewing pest selectively feeding on limited plants, requiring specialized sensors forage certain oviposition. present study, we revealed...

The interaction between jasmonic acid (JA) and salicylic (SA) pathways, which affects plant stress resistance, is mainly considered to be antagonistic. Using an established theoretical model, we investigated how tea (Camellia sinensis) volatiles induced by exogenous elicitors of the JA SA pathways are affected sequence elicitor application, identity, applied concentrations. We also examined effects mediated JA-SA synergistic on behaviors a leaf-chewing herbivore (Ectropis grisescens) its...

The tea black tussock moth (Dasychira baibarana), a devastating pest in Chinese plantations, uses ternary Type-II pheromone blend containing (3Z,6Z)-cis-9,10-epoxyhenicosa-3,6-diene (Z3,Z6,epo9-21:H), (3Z,6Z,11E)-cis-9,10-epoxyhenicosa-3,6,11-triene (Z3,Z6,epo9,E11-21:H), and (3Z,6Z)-henicosa-3,6-dien-11-one (Z3,Z6-21:11-one) for mate communication. To elucidate the P450 candidates associated with biosynthesis of these sex components, we sequenced female D. baibarana gland abdomen excluding...

The jasmonic acid (JA) and salicylic (SA) pathways are often thought to interact antagonistically in plants when mediating anti-herbivore resistance. However, we previously found that the two tea plant synergistically treated with 1.5 mmol/L methyl jasmonate (MeJA) 20 SA at 12 h intervals (MeJA+SA treatment). Here, investigated how why JA-SA synergism affected chemotaxis of Parapanteles hyposidrae (Wilkinson) wasps, parasite geometers. Wasp attractiveness MeJA+SA-treated was 1.3-fold higher...

The tea tussock moth (Euproctis pseudoconspersa) is a common plantation pest with Type III sex pheromone components (SPCs). However, the olfactory genes involved in perception of SPCs remain unknown. To identify E. pseudoconspersa perception, we sequenced transcriptomes different tissues from male and female moths. We identified 27 chemosensory proteins, 39 odorant-binding proteins (OBPs), 28 ionotropic receptors (IRs), 67 odorant (ORs). Phylogenetic antennal abundance analyses showed that...

Helopeltis cinchonae is an emerging pest of tea and causes severe damage to plantations in China. The female H. has been reported produce a sex pheromone consisting two components, hexyl (3R)-3-acetoxybutyrate (5R)-1-acetoxy-5-butyroxyhexane, lures containing the synthetic compounds have shown attract male traps field. This first time that components identified for species bug, but their field application not evaluated detail. present study shows blend both loaded into polyethylene vial at...

Abstract Attractants for pest monitoring and controlling can be developed based on plant volatiles. Previously, we showed that tea leafhopper ( Empoasca onukii ) preferred grapevine, peach plant, odours to clean air. In this research, formulated three blends with similar attractiveness leafhoppers as peach, volatiles; these were composed of (Z)-3-hexenyl acetate, E )-ocimene, )-4,8-dimethyl-1,3,7-nonatriene, benzaldehyde, ethyl benzoate. Based five compounds, two attractants, formula-P...

Abstract The tea plant ( Camellia sinensis ) suffers heavily from a harmful piercing pest, the green leafhopper (TLH) Empoasca Matsumurasca onukii Matsuda. In present study, we studied effect of an efficient elicitor disease resistance, β-1,3-glucan laminarin, on induced defense against TLH in plants. Defense responses elicited by laminarin include activation mitogen-activated protein kinases and WRKY, burst H 2 O , salicylic acid, abscisic accumulation direct-defense chemicals (including...

Tea grey geometrid (Ectropis grisescens), a devastating chewing pest in tea plantations throughout China, produces Type-II pheromone components. Little is known about the genes encoding proteins involved perception of sex To investigate olfaction E. grisescens pheromones and plant volatiles perception, we sequenced female male antennae transcriptomes grisescens. After assembly annotation, identified 153 candidate chemoreception grisescens, including 40 odorant-binding (OBPs), 30 chemosensory...

Abstract Background Helopeltis cinchonae (Hemiptera: Miridae) is a major pest of tea plantations in Asia. Conventional control pests with pesticides unsustainable. Therefore, safe and eco‐friendly alternatives, such as pheromones, are required to manage the pest. Results In gas chromatography–electroantennographic detection (GC–EAD) analysis whole‐body extracts virgin female H. , two compounds elicited electroantennogram (EAG) responses from male antennae. These were identified hexyl ( R...

Abstract The tea green leafhopper, E mpoasca vitis G öthe ( H emiptera: C icadellidae), is a serious pest of crops in hina. effectiveness five aromatic non‐host plants, orymbia citriodora ook.) M yrtaceae), O cimum basilicum L . amiaceae), avandula pinnata R uta graveolens utaceae), and osmarinus officinalis was investigated to determine their ability suppress on plants. Volatile organic compounds derived from , were found repel leafhoppers mask the host's odors. Intercropping with plants...

The sex pheromones of Ectropis grisescens Warren and obliqua Prout were both reported to contain (Z,Z,Z)-3,6,9-octadecatriene (Z3,Z6,Z9-18:H) (Z,Z)-3,9-cis-6,7-epoxy-octadecadiene (Z3,epo6,Z9-18:H). To clarify how these two sibling geometrids maintain premating isolation, the female species reexamined. Gas chromatography-electroantennographic detection (GC-EAD) gas chromatography-mass spectrometry revealed GC-EAD-active compounds, Z3,Z6,Z9-18:H Z3,epo6,Z9-18:H, in E. pheromone glands as well...

BACKGROUND A plant-based 'push-pull' strategy for Ectropis obliqua (Prout) (Lepidoptera: Geometridae) is being developed using semiochemicals in the volatiles of Rosmarinus officinalis (Lamiaceae). The aim this study was to identify and quantify bioactive components within R. by gas chromatography–electroantennographic detection (GC-EAD) chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS), test antennal behavioural responses E. these chemicals. emission dynamics chemicals also monitored. RESULTS GC-EAD...

Light traps, containing a fluorescent lamp, are commonly used to control pests in Chinese tea gardens. However, owing them emitting light with wide wavelength range, they can also attract and kill numerous natural enemies of such pests, which potentially threaten the ecological balance The source traps is key factor determining species trapped insects. Based on interspecific differences phototactic response diverse narrow among insects, friendly was designed this study using light‐emitting...

Low temperatures cause serious threat to rice seed emergence, which has become one of the main limiting factors in production direct seeding rice. It is great importance study genes controlling low-temperature tolerance during germination and mine possible regulatory mechanism for developing new varieties with immense ability. In current research study, two types mutants

Abstract The tea leafhopper, E mpoasca vitis ( G öthe) H emiptera: C icadellidae), is a major pest of the plant, amellia sinensis L .) O . K untze T heaceae). In this study, RGB color model was used to describe colors sticky traps. most effective for attraction investigated by orthogonal optimization. selected verified in gardens and height positioning traps capturing leafhoppers investigated. After determination effect three parameters their interactions optimization, gold : 255, 215, 0) as...

Plant volatiles help herbivores to locate their hosts, and therefore, they could be used develop pesticide-free pest management strategies. To an attractant for tea leafhopper (Empoasca onukii), we screened nine plant volatile compounds attractiveness using Y-tube olfactometer assays. Results indicated that leafhoppers significantly preferred ocimene, limonene, (Z)-3-hexenol, (Z)-3-hexenyl acetate over clean air. These were combined in a blend which lost its at concentrations below 10-2 g/ml...

The lacewing Chrysopa phyllochroma Waesmael is a polyphagous predator of many pests. Releasing lacewings an important component biological control programs, but it difficult to establish populations on field crops. Electrophysiological and behavioral responses 10 common plant volatiles were recorded screen for lacewing-attracting compounds. Electroantennographic assays indicated that all the tested compounds elicited from C. phyllochroma. Three green-leaf volatiles—( E )-2-hexenal, ( Z...

Abstract BACKGROUND The tea leafhopper, Empoasca onukii Matsuda (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae), is a major pest of plants in China. Here, we evaluated the repellent properties eight volatile chemicals alone and various combinations as tools for management this gardens. These were from Alliaceae other aromatic plants, are known to repel insect species. RESULTS Among compounds, dimethyl disulfide (DMDS), 1,8‐cineole allyl methyl sulfide significantly towards E . adults. DMDS mixed formulate binary...