A5037078142- Child Nutrition and Water Access
- Birth, Development, and Health
- Climate Change and Health Impacts
- Child Nutrition and Feeding Issues
- Diet and metabolism studies
- Infant Nutrition and Health
- Poverty, Education, and Child Welfare
- Menstrual Health and Disorders
- Muscle metabolism and nutrition
- Global Maternal and Child Health
- Iron Metabolism and Disorders
- Energy and Environment Impacts
- Folate and B Vitamins Research
- Obesity, Physical Activity, Diet
- Cardiovascular and exercise physiology
- Pregnancy and preeclampsia studies
- Breastfeeding Practices and Influences
- Nutritional Studies and Diet
- Food Security and Health in Diverse Populations
- Adolescent Health and Behaviors
- COVID-19 Impact on Reproduction
- COVID-19 epidemiological studies
- Adolescent Sexual and Reproductive Health
- Viral gastroenteritis research and epidemiology
- Body Composition Measurement Techniques
MRC Unit the Gambia
2016-2025
London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine
2018-2021
Medical Research Council
1992-2019
National Center for Toxicological Research
2011
University of Colorado Health
2000-2005
University of Colorado Denver
2003
University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus
2003
MRC Human Nutrition Research
1997
MRC Biostatistics Unit
1994
Museums Northumberland
1994
Background: In light of the current obesity epidemic, treatment models are needed that can prevent weight gain or provide loss.We examined long-term effects a supervised program moderate-intensity exercise on body and composition in previously sedentary, overweight moderately obese men women.We hypothesized 16-month verified would loss group compared with controls.Methods: This was randomized controlled efficacy trial.Participants were recruited from 2 midwestern universities their...
Sustainable Development Goal 2.2-to end malnutrition by 2030-includes the elimination of child wasting, defined as a weight-for-length z-score that is more than two standard deviations below median World Health Organization standards for growth
Globally, 149 million children under 5 years of age are estimated to be stunted (length more than 2 standard deviations below international growth standards)
Abstract Growth faltering in children (low length for age or low weight length) during the first 1,000 days of life (from conception to 2 years age) influences short-term and long-term health survival 1,2 . Interventions such as nutritional supplementation pregnancy postnatal period could help prevent growth faltering, but programmatic action has been insufficient eliminate high burden stunting wasting low- middle-income countries. Identification windows population subgroups on which focus...
The etiologic relationship between wasting and stunting is poorly understood, largely because of a lack high-quality longitudinal data from children at risk undernutrition. aim this study was to describe the interrelationships in aged <2 y. This involved retrospective cohort analysis, based on growth-monitoring records spanning 4 decades clinics rural Gambia. Anthropometric collected scheduled infant welfare were converted z scores, comprising 64,342 observations 5160 subjects (median: 12...
Why was the cohort set up?Research on malnutrition and malaria has been conducted in Kiang West district of The Gambia (West Africa) since 1950, initially through Professor Sir Ian McGregor's annual anthropometric health surveys rural subsistence farming community this low-and middle-income country (LMIC) setting (described more detail elsewhere 1 ).With establishment a permanent field station by UK Medical Research Council (MRC Keneba) 1974, research provision expanded into wider...
Anthropogenic climate change has caused extreme temperatures worldwide, with data showing that sub-Saharan Africa is especially vulnerable to these changes. In Africa, women comprise 50% of the agricultural workforce, often working throughout pregnancy despite heat exposure increasing risk adverse birth outcomes. this study, we aimed improve understanding pathophysiological mechanisms responsible for health outcomes resulting from environmental stress in pregnant subsistence farmers. We also...
Poor knowledge and management of menstruation impacts girls’ school attendance academic performance. This paper aims to explore how menstrual hygiene practices related factors influence absenteeism drop-out among primary secondary girls in rural Gambia. Mixed-method studies were conducted students key informants from 19 schools July 2015–December 2017. Focus group discussions, in-depth interviews, cross-sectional surveys, diaries, water, sanitation (WASH) facility observations used. Key...
WASHBURN, R. A., D. J. JACOBSEN, B. SONKO, O. HILL, and E. DONNELLY. The Validity of the Stanford Seven-Day Physical Activity Recall in Young Adults. Med. Sci. Sports Exerc., Vol. 35, No. 8, pp. 1374–1380, 2003. Purpose To evaluate criterion validity 7-Day (7D-PAR) factors associated with reporting error, a sample moderately overweight, young adult men women. Methods Average total daily energy expenditure (TDEE) physical activity (PAEE) from 7D-PAR were compared same parameters assessed by...
The WHO recommends exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) for the first 6 mo of life.The objective this study was to assess benefit EBF age on growth in a large sample rural Gambian infants at high risk undernutrition.Infants with monitoring from birth 2 y (n = 756) ENID (Early Nutrition and Immune Development) trial were categorized as exclusively breastfed if only breast milk no other liquids or foods given. status entered into confounder-adjusted multilevel models test associations trajectories by...
Inadequate menstrual hygiene management (MHM) practices have been associated with adverse health outcomes. This study aimed to describe MHM among schoolgirls from rural Gambia and assess risk factors urogenital infections depressive symptoms. A cross-sectional was conducted adolescent in thirteen schools Gambia. questionnaire used collect information on socio-demographics, clinical symptoms of reproductive urinary tract (UTIs). modified Beck Depression Inventory-II screen for Mid-stream...
The intersecting crises of climate change, food insecurity, and undernutrition disproportionately affect children. Understanding the effect heat on growth from conception to 2 years age is important because mortality morbidity implications in near term over life course.
PurposeEvidence on the effect of menstrual health and hygiene (MHH) interventions education is scarce. This trial assessed a multicomponent intervention school attendance, urogenital health, other wellbeing outcomes among schoolgirls in rural Gambia.MethodsA cluster-randomised controlled was conducted between July 2019 December 2020 50 villages across 2 regions The Gambia, selecting one per village. Using restricted randomisation, half received 3-month NGO-led intervention, which included...
Background Exposure to a nutritionally deficient environment during fetal life and early infancy may adversely alter the ontogeny of immune system affect an infant's ability mount optimal response vaccination. We examined effects maternal nutritional supplementation pregnancy on infants' antibody responses diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis (DTP) vaccine included in Expanded Programme Immunisation (EPI). Methods findings The Early Nutrition Immune Development (ENID) trial was randomised, partially...
<ns3:p>Climate change has resulted in an increase heat exposure globally. There is strong evidence that this increased stress associated with poor maternal and fetal outcomes, especially vulnerable populations. However, there remains understanding of the biological pathways mechanisms involved impact pregnancy. This observational cohort study 764 pregnant participants based sub-Saharan Africa, a geographical region at risk extreme events, aims to evaluate physiological biochemical changes...
Innate lymphoid cell (ILC) lineages mirror those of CD4+ T helper subsets, producing type 1, 2 and 3 cytokines respectively. Studies in adult human populations have shown contributions non-cytotoxic ILC to immune regulation or pathogenesis a wide range diseases prompted investigations potential functional redundancy between compartments neonates children. To investigate the for contribute responses across lifespan, we examined numbers frequencies peripheral blood subsets cohort Gambians aged...
Abstract Objective To evaluate the use of UmbiFlow™ in field settings to assess impact heat stress on umbilical artery resistance index (RI). Methods This feasibility study was conducted West Kiang, The Gambia, Africa; a rural area with increasing exposure extreme heat. We recruited women singleton fetuses who performed manual tasks (such as farming) during pregnancy an observational cohort study. RI measured at rest, and end typical working shift 28 weeks or more pregnancy. Adverse outcomes...
Total body water (TBW) volume can by measured in humans administering an oral dose of isotope tracer, such as 2H2O or H218O, and measuring the enrichment saliva, urine, serum samples. Although has long been considered medium choice for because rapid tracer equilibration (1), urine saliva sampling is less burdensome to patient. However, measurement was found be reliable than serum, possibly a longer time period isotopic bladder contents relative (2). Schoeller et al. (1) suggested that...
Background Multiple micronutrients (MMN) are commonly prescribed in pediatric primary healthcare sub-Saharan Africa to improve nutritional status and appetite without evidence for their effectiveness or international clinical guidelines. Community-wide MMN supplementation has shown limited heterogeneous impact on growth morbidity. Short-term ready-to-use therapeutic foods acutely sick children a hospital setting also had efficacy regarding subsequent growth. The of improving morbidity...
Estimates for COVID-19-related excess mortality African populations using local data are needed to design and implement effective control policies.We applied time-series analysis from three health demographic surveillance systems in The Gambia (Basse, Farafenni, Keneba) examine pandemic-related during 2020, when the first SARS-CoV-2 wave was observed, compared pre-pandemic period (2016-2019).Across sites, average total deaths 2020 were 1512 1634, respectively (Basse: 1099 vs 1179, Farafenni:...
Glycogen forms the smallest yet most labile energy substrate store. Therefore studying carbohydrate flux may be crucial to understanding regulation of balance. Indirect calorimetry has been used measure oxidation overnight and during exercise in nine fasted subjects. Overnight (averaging 2.85 +/- 0.8 g h-1) was assumed derived primarily from hepatic glycogen since subjects were inactive or asleep, glucose oxidized after gluconeogenesis protein is measured as oxidation. Lower-limb muscle...