Abstract Previous studies have reported varying findings regarding the association of brain connectivity in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) with overconnectivity, underconnectivity, or both. Despite emerging understanding that ASD is a developmental disconnection syndrome, very little known about structural networks preschool‐aged children low‐functioning ASD. We aimed to investigate using diffusion magnetic resonance imaging and graph theory examine alterations different network topologies...

Abstract Intestinal perforation (IP) in preterm infants is a life-threatening condition that may result serious complications and increased mortality. Early Prediction of IP important, but challenging due to its multifactorial complex nature the disease. Thus, there are no reliable tools predict infants. In this study, we developed new machine learning (ML) models for predicting very low birth weight (VLBW) compared their performance classic ML methods. We artificial neural networks (ANNs)...

Abstract In a nationwide prospective cohort of Korean infants with very low birthweights (VLBW, birth weight < 1500 g) from 70 neonatal intensive care units the Neonatal Network, we investigated neurodevelopmental outcomes in preterm retinopathy prematurity (ROP) 2132 VLBW who had undergone developmental assessments at 18–24 months corrected age. Motor, cognitive, or language delay was determined using scores that were less than 1 standard deviation average. Comparative analyses and...

Abstract Background Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is a devastating disease in preterm infants with significant morbidities, including neurodevelopmental impairment (NDI). This study aimed to investigate whether NEC associated (1) brain volume expansion and white matter maturation using diffusion tensor imaging analysis (2) NDI compared without NEC. Methods We included 86 (20 66 NEC) no evidence of abnormalities on trans-fontanelle ultrasonography magnetic resonance at term-equivalent age...

Children who have experienced the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic are at an increased risk of adverse neurologic developmental outcomes. Limited data exist on environmental influences during COVID-19 preterm infant development. This study aimed to investigate whether exposure affects neurodevelopmental outcomes in children up 3 years age.

Abstract Background The aim of this study was to determine the feasibility and outcomes early surgical ligation in preterm neonates with hemodynamically significant patent ductus arteriosus (HSPDA) investigate predictors for treatment after unsuccessful medical management. Methods Medical records from neonatal intensive care unit Hanyang University Seoul Hospital January 2010 December 2018 were retrospectively reviewed. 233 weighing less than 1500g HSPDA enrolled our study. Of these...

Neurodevelopmental disorder (NDD) in preterm infants has become of great interest. We aimed to investigate the impact birth on proportion NDD using nationwide data provided by Korean National Health Insurance Service. included 4894 extremely or low-birth-weight (EP/ELBW; <28 weeks gestation weight < 1000 g) infants, 70,583 other (OP/LBW; 28−36 2500 and 264,057 full-term born between 2008 2015. observed their neurodevelopment until 6 years age year 2019, whichever occurred first. Diagnoses...

A growing body of evidence suggests an association between a higher maternal pre-pregnancy mass index (BMI) and adverse long-term neurodevelopmental outcomes for their offspring. Despite recent attention to the effects obesity on fetal neonatal brain development, changes in microstructure preterm infants born mothers with are still not well understood. This study aimed detect obese offspring as using diffusion tensor imaging (DTI).A total 32 (born 16 normal BMI high BMI) at <32 weeks...

Abstract Preterm infants may exhibit altered developmental patterns of the brain structural network by endogenous and exogenous stimuli, which are quantifiable through hub modular topologies that develop in third trimester. Although preterm networks can compensate for white matter microstructural abnormalities core connections, less is known about how characteristics differ from those full-term infants. We identified 13 hubs 4 modules revealed subtle differences edgewise connectivity local...

To evaluate how intrauterine stress affects extremely premature infants in terms of growth restriction. We hypothesized that with mildly-low ponderal index (MPI) would have better neonatal outcomes.We selected 2,721 subjects 23 to 28 weeks gestation between 2013 and 2015 from Korean Neonatal Network database. They were divided into 4 groups based on (PI) percentile; PI ≤ 3rd as severely-low (SPI, n = 82), < 10th MPI (n 190), 90th adequate (API, 2,179), > high (HPI, 270).The mortality API was...

Purpose Congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) is rare but potentially fatal. The overall outcome highly variable. This study aimed to identify a simple and dynamic parameter that helps predict the mortality of CDH patients in real time, without invasive tests. Methods We conducted retrospective chart review 59 cases. Maternal fetal information included gestational age at diagnosis, site defect, presence liver herniation, lung-to-head ratio (LHR) 20 29 weeks age. Information regarding...

&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Background:&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt; The infant brain grows quickly with elaborate microstructural development during the neonatal period. white matter, critical periods of development, is selectively vulnerable to altered maturation and impaired growth in very-low-birth-weight (VLBW) infants. &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Objective:&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt; To evaluate whether abnormal matter VLBW infants associated poor neurodevelopmental outcomes at 18 months corrected age....

Abstract While thyroid disturbances during perinatal and postnatal periods in preterm infants with congenital hypothyroidism reportedly disrupt neuronal development, no study has considered the effect of premature subclinical elevations stimulating hormone. We aimed to identify altered fiber integrity from thalamus cortices hypothyroidism. All born were categorized according hormone levels through serial function tests (36 controls 29 hypothyroidism). Diffusion tensor images acquired...

To investigate hearing impairment and its association with retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) among children born very low birth weight (VLBW, < 1500 g).This prospective registry study included 7940 VLBW infants who underwent both ophthalmic screening at the 70 participating centers Korean Neonatal Network. Hearing was performed using auditory brainstem response and/or automated otoacoustic emission testing. impairment, defined as a unilateral or bilateral threshold ≥40 dB on (ABR-T) test,...

Cerebellar hemorrhage in full-term infants is a rare condition recently recognized high-risk newborns requiring intensive care with the availability of advanced neuroimaging techniques. Several aspects such as incidence, pathophysiology, clinical features, and prognosis cerebellar remain unknown. We present case subdural patient hospitalized for jaundice after birth without history traumatic delivery, breech presentation, prolonged labor or forceps delivery. A female infant weighing 3,100 g...

Abstract Symptoms of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are associated with impaired executive functions. Some functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies on medication effects have provided positive evidence neuroactivation patterns in children ADHD; however, they should be extended to near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS)-based examination the neuropharmacological medication. We investigated differences brain hemodynamic activity between 23 ADHD taking and 22 who were...

Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) exerts cytotoxic effects on brain cells, especially those belonging to the oligodendrocyte lineage, in preterm infants. The susceptibility of lineage cells LPS-induced inflammation is dependent developmental stage. This study aimed investigate effect LPS at different stages a microglial cell and co-culture model.The primary cultures oligodendrocytes microglia were prepared from forebrains 2-day-old Sprague-Dawley rats. progenitor (OPCs) co-cultured with treated 0...

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Pericardial effusion (PCE) in neonates has various clinical presentations depending on the amount and speed of fluid accumulation can cause cardiac tamponade (CT). We report a case rapidly accumulating PCE near-fatal CT with an umbilical venous catheter successfully resolved by emergent echo-guided pericardiocentesis term infant who had been hospitalized meconium aspiration syndrome persistent pulmonary hypertension. This suggests that if patient intracardiac shows sudden cardiopulmonary...

Abstract Background : The aim of this study was to determine the feasibility and outcomes early surgical ligation in preterm neonates with hemodynamically significant patent ductus arteriosus (HSPDA) investigate predictors for treatment after unsuccessful medical management. Methods Medical records from neonatal intensive care unit Hanyang University Seoul Hospital January 2010 December 2018 were retrospectively reviewed. 233 weighing less than 1,500 g HSPDA enrolled our study. Of these...

Herlyn-Werner-Wunderlich syndrome (HWWS) is a very rare congenital anomaly of the urogenital tract involving Mullerian ducts and Wolffian ducts, characterized by triad uterine didelphys, unilateral obstructed hemivagina ipsilateral renal agenesis.Generally it diagnosed at puberty after menarche due to recurrent pelvic pain or abdominal mass.We report 2 cases female new borns whose fetal ultrasonography (USG) showed agenesis were with HWWS postnatal evaluation.Both newborns who born term...

Preterm births are often associated with neurodevelopmental impairment. In the critical developmental period of fetal brain, preterm birth disrupts cortical maturation. Notably, leads to alterations in fronto-striatal and temporal lobes limbic region. Recent advances MRI acquisition analysis methods have revealed an integrated approach genetic influence on brain structure. Based imaging studies, we hypothesized that altered structure observed after is common variations. We found presence...

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The terminal deletion of the long arm chromosome 4 is a very rare autosomal abnormality with an approximate incidence 1 in 100,000 and overall mortality 28%. This syndrome characterized by craniofacial digital anomalies, developmental delay, growth retardation, skeletal cardiac autism spectrum disorder. We experienced case 2 day-old female neonate who showed extremity defects, cardiovascular defects. Here, we first report hemivertebra infant 4q discussion previous brief review literature.

Abstract Background We analyzed the feasibility and outcomes of early surgical ligation in very low birth weight infants (VLBWIs) with hemodynamically significant patent ductus arteriosus (HSPDA) investigated predictors for treatment after unsuccessful medical management. Methods Medical records from neonatal intensive care unit Hanyang University Seoul Hospital January 2010 to December 2018 were retrospectively reviewed. 233 VLBWIs HSPDA enrolled our study. Of these infants, 134 underwent...