The hot debate over the influence of global warming on tropical cyclone (TC) activity in western North Pacific past several decades is partly due to diversity TC data sets used recent publications. This study investigates differences track, intensity, frequency, and associated long‐term trends for those TCs that were simultaneously recorded by best track Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC), Regional Specialized Meteorological (RSMC) Tokyo, Shanghai Institute (STI). Though tracks among these...

Abstract Rapid intensification (RI) refers to a significant increase in tropical cyclone (TC) intensity over short period of time. A TC can also undergo multiple RI events during its lifetime, and these pose challenge for operational forecasting. The long-term tendency magnitude TCs the western North Pacific is investigated this study. During 1979–2018, increasing trend found magnitude, which primarily results from number strong events, defined as 24 h increases at least 50 kt. Furthermore,...

Abstract The long‐term tendency of the average latitude at which tropical cyclones (TCs) reach their lifetime maximum intensity (LMI) over western North Pacific (WNP) is investigated in this study. Despite post‐1961 significant poleward shift annual mean LMI latitude, migration rate nonuniform on decadal timescales, having an insignificant trend and a increasing before after 1980, respectively. Interdecadal fluctuations TC genesis ( φ G ) as well increases latitudinal distance between...

Abstract This study revisits the nonlinear relationship between tropical cyclone (TC) size and intensity over western North Pacific (WNP). Using best track data from Japan Meteorological Agency 2007–2019, we find that statistical turning point on a fitted size‐intensity curve only exists for TCs with greater lifetime peak intensities (e.g., typhoons). The evolution type are two factors determining relationship. is observed recurving typhoons reaching their sizes at different times, due to...

Abstract The rate at which the global average surface temperature is increasing has slowed down since end of last century. This study investigates whether this warming hiatus results from a change in well-known greenhouse effect. Using long-term, reliable, and consistent observational data Earth’s top atmosphere (TOA), two monthly gridded atmospheric effect parameters ( G s ) are estimated to represent radiative effects infrared range 1979 2014. over tropical monsoon-prone regions found...

Abstract This study investigates long-term changes in the variability of TC intensity global tropical cyclones, a topic which has been relatively infrequently studied to date. Our finds that lifetime maximum (LMI), as measured by LMI standard deviation, increases during 1981–2016. The increasing trend is statistically significant for both Northern and Southern Hemispheres, with three individual basins: western North Pacific, South Indian Pacific also having increases. primarily results from...

Abstract The impacts of El Niño on tropical cyclone (TC) activity over the western North Pacific (WNP) are examined through investigation three types warming episodes according to where maximum sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies occur in equatorial Pacific: eastern (EPE), central (CPE), and mixed (ME). More TCs form part WNP all types, whereas frequency increases as peak SST migrate from east west. Although more frequently recurve at higher latitudes during EPE CPE, most frequent region...

Abstract The frequency of tropical cyclones (TCs) over the western North Pacific during June–November has a significant inverse correlation with concurrent Pacific‐North American (PNA) pattern from 1965 to 2016. During low PNA years, more TCs form north 12.5°N, significantly greater TC occurrences 15 20°N, compared high years. difference in genesis location can be explained by differences potential index derived environmental variables both phases. influences formation primarily modulating...

Abstract The North Pacific Gyre Oscillation (NPGO) is an important mode of decadal variability in sea surface temperature (SST) and height. This study investigated the potential influence NPGO on spatial characteristics peak season (July to October) tropical cyclone genesis (TCG) number over western (WNP) from 1965 2020. We show that was first leading empirical orthogonal function SST during time. On a time scale, has opposite impacts TCG west east WNP. relatively weak positive correlation...

Abstract Symmetric and wavenumber-1 asymmetric characteristics of western North Pacific tropical cyclone (TC) outer wind structures are compared between best tracks from the Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC) Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA) 2004 to 2014 as well Multiplatform Tropical Cyclone Surface Wind Analysis (MTCSWA) product 2007 2014. Significant linear relationships averaged radii obtained among datasets, in which both gale-force storm-force generally estimated slightly smaller...

This study finds an increasing trend in the decay timescale (τ) of western North Pacific (WNP) tropical cyclone (TCs) making landfall on Asian continent from 1966–2018. Statistical analysis individual landfalling TCs shows that τ is significantly positively linked to soil wetness, 850-hPa relative vorticity and 200-hPa divergence, whereas it weakly correlated with 700–500-hPa humidity 850–200-hPa vertical wind shear. For hitting southeastern China, observed likely caused by enhanced...

Abstract The long-term trend in the annual mean lifetime maximum intensity (LMI) of rapidly intensifying tropical cyclones (RI-TCs) over western North Pacific (WNP) is investigated this study. During 1970–2019, a notable upward observed average RI-TC LMI, which primarily linked to significant increase intensification rate prior LMI. This caused by an magnitude RI cases. By contrast there no change ratio, calculated as proportion 24 h records all before reaches its Furthermore, significantly...

Abstract This study investigates the influence of Northeast China cold vortex (NCCV) on northward‐moving typhoons (NTCs) over western North Pacific (WNP). There is a significant inverse relationship between NCCV during June–September and simultaneous NTCs 1981–2021. Fewer (more) are observed active (inactive) year combination less NTC genesis, particularly central region 10°–30° N 130°–150° E, fewer moving northwestward making landfall in coastal regions Yellow Sea Bohai Sea. These...

Abstract September–November (e.g., autumn) 2023 produced the fewest western North Pacific (WNP) tropical cyclones (TCs) since 1951, likely as a joint response to El Niño and warm phase of Mode (NPM). Decreases in both TC genesis frequency two potential indices (GPIs) over WNP were result Niño-induced NPM-induced negative low-level relative vorticity anomalies. Over eastern WNP, GPI reductions also associated with decreases where TC-suppressing effect NPM surpassed TC-favoring Niño. The...

Abstract This work examines the influence of horizontal propagation three-dimensional (3D) mountain waves on wave momentum flux (WMF) within finite domains (e.g., grid cell general circulation models). Under Wentzel–Kramers–Brillouin (WKB) approximation, analytical solutions are derived for hydrostatic nonrotating using Gaussian beam approximation (GBA), which incorporates both wind vertical curvature effect and height variation stratification. The GBA validated against numerical simulations...

Abstract The tendency in tropical cyclone (TC) rainfall is of great concern due to its remarkable contribution global precipitation and extreme events. This study finds a decreasing trend TC inner‐core rain rate over the western North Pacific (WNP) from 1998 2019. basinwide mainly induced by rates region west 150°E, while it seldom linked changes distribution occurrence. maximum decreases are observed offshore areas along coastlines East Asia. Further analysis reveals that change atmospheric...

From September 2002, the global spectral model T213L31 has been put into operational use at National Meteorology Center of China. To acquire a comprehensive assessment T213's performance, four verifications have implemented, (1) temporal analysis its forecast accuracy series; (2) spatial and lag correlation accuracy; (3) precipitation verification (4) comparison between models T213, T106 (prior version T213) ECMWF. The illustrates that, after adopting finer grid improving many physical...

Abstract This study investigates the asymmetric response of western North Pacific (WNP) tropical cyclone (TC) formation during August–November to meridional mode (PMM) from 1961 2021. Basinwide WNP TC frequency significantly increases (slightly decreases) positive (negative) PMM years, implying a nonlinear PMM–TC relationship. Only small spatial changes in occur negative while there is nearly basinwide enhancement particularly over region 5°–30°N and 135°–155°E. characterized by enhanced...

Abstract This study investigates the interannual variability of rapid intensification (RI) magnitude western North Pacific (WNP) tropical cyclones. There is a significant correlation between basin‐averaged RI during July–November and simultaneous Western (WP) teleconnection index from 1982 to 2021. is, on average, larger (smaller) in positive (negative) WP phases. During WP, changes exhibit southwest‐northeast dipolar pattern, with increases over southwestern quadrant WNP weak decreases...